Fluid Mechanics (in SI Units) 8e ed notes (1st edition)

A sudden change of flow rate in a large pipeline (caused by valve closure, pump shutoff, etc.) may affect a large mass of water moving inside the pipe. The force resulting from changing the speed of the water mass could cause a pressure rise in the pipe with a magnitude several times greater than the normal static pressure in the pipe. This phenomenon is commonly known as the water hammer phenomenon. The excessive pressure may fracture the pipe walls or cause other damage to the pipeline ...

A fluid at rest experiences no shear force. When in motion, though, shear forces can be set up due to viscosity and ‘turbulence’ which oppose motion, producing a ‘frictional’ effect. A fluid consists of a large number of individual particles moving in the general direction of flow but usually not parallel to each other. The path followed by a particle is called a path line. A pathline (or particle path) is the trajectory of an individual element of fluid. At any given instant of t...

A fluid at rest experiences no shear force. When in motion, though, shear forces can be set up due to viscosity and ‘turbulence’ which oppose motion, producing a ‘frictional’ effect. A fluid consists of a large number of individual particles moving in the general direction of flow but usually not parallel to each other. The path followed by a particle is called a path line. A pathline (or particle path) is the trajectory of an individual element of fluid. At any given instant of t...

A sudden change of flow rate in a large pipeline (caused by valve closure, pump shutoff, etc.) may affect a large mass of water moving inside the pipe. The force resulting from changing the speed of the water mass could cause a pressure rise in the pipe with a magnitude several times greater than the normal static pressure in the pipe. This phenomenon is commonly known as the water hammer phenomenon. The excessive pressure may fracture the pipe walls or cause other damage to the pipeline ...