Public Health and Epidemiology at a Glance notes

Primary prevention focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, such as through vaccinations. Incidence measures new cases of a disease over a period of time. Smoking cessation targets individuals who are already smoking (a risk behavior), making it secondary prevention. Herd immunity occurs when a high percentage of the population is immune, indirectly protecting those who are not immune. A relative risk greater than 1 indicates a positive association between exposure and outcome, meaning th...

Primary prevention focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, such as through vaccinations. Incidence measures new cases of a disease over a period of time. Smoking cessation targets individuals who are already smoking (a risk behavior), making it secondary prevention. Herd immunity occurs when a high percentage of the population is immune, indirectly protecting those who are not immune. A relative risk greater than 1 indicates a positive association between exposure and outcome, meaning th...