NYSTCE TESTS COMPILATION BUNDLE

Behaviorism - people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments. Reinforcement - meant to increase a good behavior; a reward Punishment - meant to decrease bad behavior Positive reinforcement - ...

Phonics - A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system. Children are taught, for example, that the letter n represents the sound /n/, and that it is the first letter in words such as nose, nice and new. Phonological ...

Phonics - A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters/groups of letters Phonological Processing - The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language Phonological Awareness - Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to analyze and manip...

Prereading - All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness Running record - An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading Balanced Literacy Models - strat...

Alphabet recognition correct answer: *Can identify the letters of the alphabet* both capital and lowercase when asked to do so Alphabetic principle correct answer: Written language is comprised of *letters (graphemes)* that represent *sounds (phonemes)* in spoken words Analogical representat...

Misplaced modifier - a word or phrase apparently modifying an unintended word because of its placement in a sentence: e.g., 'when young' in 'when young, circuses appeal to all of us' assonance - the repetition of similar vowels in the stressed syllables of successive words parallel structu...

Prereading correct answer: All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness Running record correct answer: An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading Ph...

Semantics - -The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure -Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning Nuance - Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with words Consonant blend - Two consonants, such as the l...

Altimeter - An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of an airplane. Anemometer - An instrument to measure wind speed. Angiosperm - A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit. Annuals - Plants that die after ...

Authentic Cadence - The dominant sounding cadence that goes from a five chord to the tonic chord. This cadence is considered to be the strongest sounding cadence due to the presence of the supertonic to tonic progression as well as the leading tone to tonic progression. Perfect Authentic Cadence ...

Emergent literacy - what children do to learn how to read and write, what a child knows about reading and writing before learning, continues early and keeps going. Authentic experiences exposes children to language and it is critical in his stage Cues - readers use these to construct meaning S...

Epic poems correct answer: a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures Epistolary Poetry correct answer: written and read as letters Ballads correct answer: songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, romance, death and religion Elegies correct answer...

Panel on Mental Retardation - In 1961, President Kennedy appointed a panel of experts to prepare a national plan for "combating mental retardation." Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1965 - The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was a cornerstone of President Lyndon B. Johnso...

Intonation - the way the voice rises and falls in speech morpheme - the smallest unit of meaning in a language Abraham Maslow - developed hierarchy of needs, which theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people subordinating conjunction - joins a dependent clause to an indepen...