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[Show more]Behaviorism 
people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments. 
 
 
 
Reinforcement 
meant to increase a good behavior; a reward 
 
 
 
 
 
Punishment 
meant to decrease bad behavior 
 
 
 
Positive reinforcement 
involves giving someone something that he or she wants 
 
 ...
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Add to cartBehaviorism 
people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments. 
 
 
 
Reinforcement 
meant to increase a good behavior; a reward 
 
 
 
 
 
Punishment 
meant to decrease bad behavior 
 
 
 
Positive reinforcement 
involves giving someone something that he or she wants 
 
 ...
Phonics 
A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters/groups of letters 
 
 
 
Phonological Processing 
The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phonological Awareness 
Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to analyz...
Preview 2 out of 15 pages
Add to cartPhonics 
A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters/groups of letters 
 
 
 
Phonological Processing 
The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phonological Awareness 
Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to analyz...
Prereading 
All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness 
 
 
 
Running record 
An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitness Cap...
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Add to cartPrereading 
All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness 
 
 
 
Running record 
An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitness Cap...
Prereading 
All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness 
 
 
 
Running record 
An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading 
 
 
 
 
 
Phonological awareness...
Preview 4 out of 43 pages
Add to cartPrereading 
All knowledge, skills and experience that come before conventional literacy. Students gain oral vocabulary, learn sentence structure, develop phonological awareness 
 
 
 
Running record 
An assessment which measures a child' fluency during oral reading 
 
 
 
 
 
Phonological awareness...
Phonemic Awareness 
The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. 
 
 
 
Phonemes 
A phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words. Phonemes are represented by letters between slash marks. English has...
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Add to cartPhonemic Awareness 
The ability to hear, identify,and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. 
 
 
 
Phonemes 
A phoneme is the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words. Phonemes are represented by letters between slash marks. English has...
Seasonal changes 
moon orbits earth once per month 
 
 
 
Yearly Changes 
earth orbits around the moon one time per year 
 
 
 
 
 
physical change 
A change in a substance that does not change its identity 
 
 
 
chemical change 
charastics change in state or phase 
 
 
 
transformation of energy e...
Preview 2 out of 10 pages
Add to cartSeasonal changes 
moon orbits earth once per month 
 
 
 
Yearly Changes 
earth orbits around the moon one time per year 
 
 
 
 
 
physical change 
A change in a substance that does not change its identity 
 
 
 
chemical change 
charastics change in state or phase 
 
 
 
transformation of energy e...
Reading Comprehension 
the ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning 
 
 
 
Literacy 
the ability to read and write 
 
 
 
 
 
Skills needed for Literacy 
Phonemic Awareness 
 
 
Phonics 
 
 
 
Vocab 
 
 
 
Comprehension 
 
 
Fluency 
 
 
 
Phonemic Awareness 
The ability to hear,...
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Add to cartReading Comprehension 
the ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning 
 
 
 
Literacy 
the ability to read and write 
 
 
 
 
 
Skills needed for Literacy 
Phonemic Awareness 
 
 
Phonics 
 
 
 
Vocab 
 
 
 
Comprehension 
 
 
Fluency 
 
 
 
Phonemic Awareness 
The ability to hear,...
Mr. Graham is a specialist who works with students who have special needs. You observe Mr. Graham and he is working with a group of students on the tasks of cutting with scissors, holding a pencil, and writing sentences using the same hand without switching to another hand. Mr. Graham is the 
 
A. s...
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Add to cartMr. Graham is a specialist who works with students who have special needs. You observe Mr. Graham and he is working with a group of students on the tasks of cutting with scissors, holding a pencil, and writing sentences using the same hand without switching to another hand. Mr. Graham is the 
 
A. s...
Semantics 
-The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure 
-Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning 
 
 
 
Nuance 
Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with words 
 
 
 
 
 
Consonant blend 
Two consonants, such...
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Add to cartSemantics 
-The meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure 
-Study within linguistics dealing with language and how we understand meaning 
 
 
 
Nuance 
Subtle differences in meaning or shades of meaning we associate with words 
 
 
 
 
 
Consonant blend 
Two consonants, such...
Epic poems 
a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures 
 
 
 
Epistolary Poetry 
written and read as letters 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitness Captures the Moment a Pair of Male 
Sea Lions Attack Beach-Goers 
 
Ballads 
songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, ro...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartEpic poems 
a long poem that tells the deeds of a great hero, adventures 
 
 
 
Epistolary Poetry 
written and read as letters 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitness Captures the Moment a Pair of Male 
Sea Lions Attack Beach-Goers 
 
Ballads 
songlike poems that tell a story, often dealing with adventure, ro...
Second language acquisition 
Make all instruction as easy to understand as possible; Relate instruction to culture of ESL children; Increase interactive activities use gestures when modeling 
 
 
 
Vocabulary 
The more vocab a student knows the higher their comprehension 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitnes...
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Add to cartSecond language acquisition 
Make all instruction as easy to understand as possible; Relate instruction to culture of ESL children; Increase interactive activities use gestures when modeling 
 
 
 
Vocabulary 
The more vocab a student knows the higher their comprehension 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitnes...
Emergent literacy 
what children do to learn how to read and write, what a child knows about reading and writing before learning, continues early and keeps going. Authentic experiences exposes children to language and it is critical in his stage 
 
 
 
Cues 
readers use these to construct meaning 
 ...
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Add to cartEmergent literacy 
what children do to learn how to read and write, what a child knows about reading and writing before learning, continues early and keeps going. Authentic experiences exposes children to language and it is critical in his stage 
 
 
 
Cues 
readers use these to construct meaning 
 ...
Please note: These questions are free. I have created them myself, based on questions I remember and tutoring at Brooklyn Education Center. I give permission for Brooklyn Education Center to share them on their website. 
... 
 
 
 
Please note: These questions are free. If you are being sold these q...
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Add to cartPlease note: These questions are free. I have created them myself, based on questions I remember and tutoring at Brooklyn Education Center. I give permission for Brooklyn Education Center to share them on their website. 
... 
 
 
 
Please note: These questions are free. If you are being sold these q...
Abstract 
Image that reduces a subject to its essential visual elements (lines, shapes, colors) 
 
 
 
Background 
Portions or areas of composition that are behind the primary subject matter 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitness Captures the Moment a Pair of Male 
Sea Lions Attack Beach-Goers 
 
Balance 
A ...
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Add to cartAbstract 
Image that reduces a subject to its essential visual elements (lines, shapes, colors) 
 
 
 
Background 
Portions or areas of composition that are behind the primary subject matter 
 
 
 
 
Must See! Eyewitness Captures the Moment a Pair of Male 
Sea Lions Attack Beach-Goers 
 
Balance 
A ...
Phoneme 
the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words, represented by letters between slash marks 
 
 
 
Grapheme 
the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word, may be one letter (ex: "b") or several letters (ex: ...
Preview 2 out of 7 pages
Add to cartPhoneme 
the smallest part of spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning of words, represented by letters between slash marks 
 
 
 
Grapheme 
the smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word, may be one letter (ex: "b") or several letters (ex: ...
whole numbers 
numbers that tell how many 
0,1,2,3,4,5 infinite 
 
 
 
cardinal numbers 
tell how many (ex. 9 players) 
 
 
 
 
 
ordinal numbers 
tell what order (ex. 1st, 13th, ect) 
 
 
 
place value 
value of a digit depends on the place it occupies 
-millions, hundred thousands, ten thousands, ...
Preview 2 out of 13 pages
Add to cartwhole numbers 
numbers that tell how many 
0,1,2,3,4,5 infinite 
 
 
 
cardinal numbers 
tell how many (ex. 9 players) 
 
 
 
 
 
ordinal numbers 
tell what order (ex. 1st, 13th, ect) 
 
 
 
place value 
value of a digit depends on the place it occupies 
-millions, hundred thousands, ten thousands, ...
Scientific Inquiry 
The diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work. 
 
 
 
Features of Scientific Inquiry 
1. Learner engages in scientifically oriented questions 
2. Learner gives priority to evidence in responding...
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Add to cartScientific Inquiry 
The diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work. 
 
 
 
Features of Scientific Inquiry 
1. Learner engages in scientifically oriented questions 
2. Learner gives priority to evidence in responding...
Seasonal changes 
moon orbits earth once per month 
 
 
 
Yearly Changes 
earth orbits around the moon one time per year 
 
 
 
physical change 
A change in a substance that does not change its identity 
 
 
 
chemical change 
charastics change in state or phase 
 
 
 
transformation of energy examp...
Preview 1 out of 3 pages
Add to cartSeasonal changes 
moon orbits earth once per month 
 
 
 
Yearly Changes 
earth orbits around the moon one time per year 
 
 
 
physical change 
A change in a substance that does not change its identity 
 
 
 
chemical change 
charastics change in state or phase 
 
 
 
transformation of energy examp...
cultural diffusion 
the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another 
 
 
 
Authoritarian 
to describe a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom 
 
 
 
Separation of powers 
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers o...
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Add to cartcultural diffusion 
the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another 
 
 
 
Authoritarian 
to describe a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom 
 
 
 
Separation of powers 
an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers o...
Altimeter 
An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of an airplane. 
 
 
 
Anemometer 
An instrument to measure wind speed. 
 
 
 
Angiosperm 
A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit. 
 
 
 
Annuals 
Plants that di...
Preview 2 out of 15 pages
Add to cartAltimeter 
An instrument that uses air pressure to record height, such as the height of an airplane. 
 
 
 
Anemometer 
An instrument to measure wind speed. 
 
 
 
Angiosperm 
A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit. 
 
 
 
Annuals 
Plants that di...
Phonics 
A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters/groups of letters 
 
 
 
Phonological Processing 
The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language 
 
 
 
Phonological Awareness 
Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to analyze and ...
Preview 2 out of 15 pages
Add to cartPhonics 
A method of teaching students to read by correlating sounds with letters/groups of letters 
 
 
 
Phonological Processing 
The use of phonemes to process spoken and written language 
 
 
 
Phonological Awareness 
Awareness of the sound structure of a language and the ability to analyze and ...
Integer 
set of whole positive and negative numbers includes zero. Does not include fractions, decimals, or mixed numbers 
 
 
 
Prime number 
whole number greater than one, only has two factors (itself and 1) 
 
 
 
Composite number 
whole number greater than one, has more than two factors 
 
 
 
E...
Preview 3 out of 19 pages
Add to cartInteger 
set of whole positive and negative numbers includes zero. Does not include fractions, decimals, or mixed numbers 
 
 
 
Prime number 
whole number greater than one, only has two factors (itself and 1) 
 
 
 
Composite number 
whole number greater than one, has more than two factors 
 
 
 
E...
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