Package deal
Comprehensive BIO 161 Q&A Bundle
Conquer BIO 161 with Our Ultimate Q&A Bundle!
[Show more]Conquer BIO 161 with Our Ultimate Q&A Bundle!
[Show more]The brain contains ___% of the body's neural tissue (interneurons) 97 
There are about ____ billion neurons in the brain, supported by _____ cells 100;glial 
How many synapses per neuron 5000 
How many synapses in brain 500 trillion 
Function of oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths 
Function of ...
Preview 2 out of 10 pages
Add to cartThe brain contains ___% of the body's neural tissue (interneurons) 97 
There are about ____ billion neurons in the brain, supported by _____ cells 100;glial 
How many synapses per neuron 5000 
How many synapses in brain 500 trillion 
Function of oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths 
Function of ...
Life-History Traits have significant features of an organism's life cycle, with particular reference to strategies influencing survival and reproduction 
Life History traits reflect the reality that organisms must partition limited energy and resources among activity, growth and development, and re...
Preview 4 out of 32 pages
Add to cartLife-History Traits have significant features of an organism's life cycle, with particular reference to strategies influencing survival and reproduction 
Life History traits reflect the reality that organisms must partition limited energy and resources among activity, growth and development, and re...
Hydrophobicmolecules that do NOT interact with water 
Hydrophilicmolecules that can readily interact with water 
Semi-permeablebarrier that allows some things to enter, but not all 
Glycerol backboneholds fatty acid chains together 
Channel proteinallows movement of molecules across cell membrane, D...
Preview 2 out of 8 pages
Add to cartHydrophobicmolecules that do NOT interact with water 
Hydrophilicmolecules that can readily interact with water 
Semi-permeablebarrier that allows some things to enter, but not all 
Glycerol backboneholds fatty acid chains together 
Channel proteinallows movement of molecules across cell membrane, D...
Define the major motor functions of the skeletal system -skeletal system is a dynamic system of connective tissue and is a balance between production and remodeling -support, protection, movement, electrolyte and acid/base balance, blood cell differentiation 
Identify the major shapes of bones Flat-...
Preview 2 out of 5 pages
Add to cartDefine the major motor functions of the skeletal system -skeletal system is a dynamic system of connective tissue and is a balance between production and remodeling -support, protection, movement, electrolyte and acid/base balance, blood cell differentiation 
Identify the major shapes of bones Flat-...
4 levels of life cell, tissue, organ, organ system 
7 characteristics of life 1. organized (composed of cells) 2. acquire materials and energy (capacity to do work and metabolize) 3. homeostatic 4. reproduce 5. potential for growth 6. have evolutionary history/heredity of traits (adapt and evolve) 7...
Preview 2 out of 7 pages
Add to cart4 levels of life cell, tissue, organ, organ system 
7 characteristics of life 1. organized (composed of cells) 2. acquire materials and energy (capacity to do work and metabolize) 3. homeostatic 4. reproduce 5. potential for growth 6. have evolutionary history/heredity of traits (adapt and evolve) 7...
Photosynthesis requires 2 major biochemical processes: 1. energy transduction reactions 2. carbon fixation reactions 
Light energy is captured and converted to chemical energy energy transduction reactions 
Carbohydrates are formed from carbon dioxide and water carbon fixation reactions 
3 steps in ...
Preview 1 out of 2 pages
Add to cartPhotosynthesis requires 2 major biochemical processes: 1. energy transduction reactions 2. carbon fixation reactions 
Light energy is captured and converted to chemical energy energy transduction reactions 
Carbohydrates are formed from carbon dioxide and water carbon fixation reactions 
3 steps in ...
Haploid(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, represented as "n" 
Diploid(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number, represented as "2n" 
Chromatidone of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome,...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartHaploid(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, represented as "n" 
Diploid(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number, represented as "2n" 
Chromatidone of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome,...
Function of Epithelial tissue protection, secretion, absorption, excretion and filtration 
Function connective tissue binding organs support and protection producing blood cells and are the most vascular 
What type of fibers are found in connective tissue collagen fibers reticular fibers elastic fib...
Preview 1 out of 2 pages
Add to cartFunction of Epithelial tissue protection, secretion, absorption, excretion and filtration 
Function connective tissue binding organs support and protection producing blood cells and are the most vascular 
What type of fibers are found in connective tissue collagen fibers reticular fibers elastic fib...
Secretion definition - the process of converting an electrical signal (presynaptic neuron) to a chemical signal (synapse) and then back to an electrical signal (post synaptic neuron) 
Synaptic Activity - allows neurons to communicate with one another 
What happens in Secretion? - the release of neur...
Preview 2 out of 9 pages
Add to cartSecretion definition - the process of converting an electrical signal (presynaptic neuron) to a chemical signal (synapse) and then back to an electrical signal (post synaptic neuron) 
Synaptic Activity - allows neurons to communicate with one another 
What happens in Secretion? - the release of neur...
Energy likelihood of a reaction occurring spontaneously 
- depends on... 
1. Pe of molecules in the reaction 
2. Amount of disorder in the system 
 
Potential energy (pe) stored energy 
 
Kinetic energy (ke) energy of motion 
 
What are some types of bonds that have high pe? c-c, c-h 
 
What are som...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartEnergy likelihood of a reaction occurring spontaneously 
- depends on... 
1. Pe of molecules in the reaction 
2. Amount of disorder in the system 
 
Potential energy (pe) stored energy 
 
Kinetic energy (ke) energy of motion 
 
What are some types of bonds that have high pe? c-c, c-h 
 
What are som...
Predict what would happen to a plant cell if it were treated with an enzyme that digests the cellulose microfibrils Turgor pressure would cause the plant cell to swell until its plasma membrane burst, and the cell would die 
The ECM fibrous component consists mainly of collagen fibrils, and the grou...
Preview 1 out of 2 pages
Add to cartPredict what would happen to a plant cell if it were treated with an enzyme that digests the cellulose microfibrils Turgor pressure would cause the plant cell to swell until its plasma membrane burst, and the cell would die 
The ECM fibrous component consists mainly of collagen fibrils, and the grou...
Meiosis Type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number from 2n to n. Daughter cells receive the haploid number 
Diploid (2n) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. the total number of chromosomes. 
Haploid (n) cell condition where only one type of chromosome is ...
Preview 2 out of 11 pages
Add to cartMeiosis Type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number from 2n to n. Daughter cells receive the haploid number 
Diploid (2n) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. the total number of chromosomes. 
Haploid (n) cell condition where only one type of chromosome is ...
The potential energy that exists in the bonds of ATP or a carbohydrate is called? chemical energy 
Energy cycles from producers to consumers and back to producers again. false 
The hydrogen ions are using a membrane, channel protein to cross the membrane. Which type of movement allows the flow of th...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartThe potential energy that exists in the bonds of ATP or a carbohydrate is called? chemical energy 
Energy cycles from producers to consumers and back to producers again. false 
The hydrogen ions are using a membrane, channel protein to cross the membrane. Which type of movement allows the flow of th...
Why are cells the fundamental units of life? -All organisms are made up of cells. -It is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive. -So structure is correlated to cellular function. -All cells are related by their dissent from earlier cells. 
What are the basic features shared by all cells...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartWhy are cells the fundamental units of life? -All organisms are made up of cells. -It is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive. -So structure is correlated to cellular function. -All cells are related by their dissent from earlier cells. 
What are the basic features shared by all cells...
Endomembrane system components 1. Nuclear envelope 2. Endo Reticulum 3. Golgi aparatrus 4. Lysosomes 5. Plasma Membrane 6. Vesicles 
Endoplasmic Reticulum -extends off the nuclear envelope -a network of membrane bound compartments *rough ER and smooth ER* 
Exocytosis when a vesicles fuses with the p...
Preview 2 out of 15 pages
Add to cartEndomembrane system components 1. Nuclear envelope 2. Endo Reticulum 3. Golgi aparatrus 4. Lysosomes 5. Plasma Membrane 6. Vesicles 
Endoplasmic Reticulum -extends off the nuclear envelope -a network of membrane bound compartments *rough ER and smooth ER* 
Exocytosis when a vesicles fuses with the p...
Distinguish between anatomy and physiology. Anatomy - Study of structure and organization of the body and its parts Physiology - Study of the function of the body and its parts 
Name and explain characteristics of living things Movement - change in position; internal, external Responsiveness - react...
Preview 2 out of 5 pages
Add to cartDistinguish between anatomy and physiology. Anatomy - Study of structure and organization of the body and its parts Physiology - Study of the function of the body and its parts 
Name and explain characteristics of living things Movement - change in position; internal, external Responsiveness - react...
Electronegative an atom that strongly pulls shared electrons to itself 
Partial Charge created due to the asymmetric distribution of electrons in chemical bonds 
Hydrogen Bond the hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom (H2O) are attracted to the oxygen atoms of different molecules of wat...
Preview 2 out of 7 pages
Add to cartElectronegative an atom that strongly pulls shared electrons to itself 
Partial Charge created due to the asymmetric distribution of electrons in chemical bonds 
Hydrogen Bond the hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to an oxygen atom (H2O) are attracted to the oxygen atoms of different molecules of wat...
At the neuromuscular junction, an electrical signal from the motor neuron is translated to a chemical signal and then back to an electrical signal in the muscle cell. What proteins interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell? Cation chemical-gated channels 
...
Preview 1 out of 3 pages
Add to cartAt the neuromuscular junction, an electrical signal from the motor neuron is translated to a chemical signal and then back to an electrical signal in the muscle cell. What proteins interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell? Cation chemical-gated channels 
...
Types of muscle tissue skeletal, cardiac, smooth 
Skeletal muscle tissue Voluntary Striated Multinucleate Attached to bone or fascia (connective tissue) 
Smooth muscle tissue -involuntary -non striated -mononucleate 
Cardiac muscle tissue Involuntary Striated Mononucleate Autorhythmic (cells can sel...
Preview 2 out of 6 pages
Add to cartTypes of muscle tissue skeletal, cardiac, smooth 
Skeletal muscle tissue Voluntary Striated Multinucleate Attached to bone or fascia (connective tissue) 
Smooth muscle tissue -involuntary -non striated -mononucleate 
Cardiac muscle tissue Involuntary Striated Mononucleate Autorhythmic (cells can sel...
Lacrimal glands are classified as ______________ glands. exocrine 
The tough, protective sclera consists of a high concentration of collagen fibers arranged in random order. This layer is best described as ______________. dense irregular connective tissue 
The choroid tissue contains melanocytes (se...
Preview 1 out of 2 pages
Add to cartLacrimal glands are classified as ______________ glands. exocrine 
The tough, protective sclera consists of a high concentration of collagen fibers arranged in random order. This layer is best described as ______________. dense irregular connective tissue 
The choroid tissue contains melanocytes (se...
Glycolysis Glucose to pyruvate 
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol 
Citric acid cycle 2 c pyruvate and H+ move through transporter proteins together into the inter membrane space. Sulfhydryl group on CoA bonds to pyruvate and releases a carbon which forms CO2. 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP 
oxidative phospho...
Preview 2 out of 6 pages
Add to cartGlycolysis Glucose to pyruvate 
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol 
Citric acid cycle 2 c pyruvate and H+ move through transporter proteins together into the inter membrane space. Sulfhydryl group on CoA bonds to pyruvate and releases a carbon which forms CO2. 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP 
oxidative phospho...
Photosynthesis reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + water + light ----> glucose (sugar) + oxygen 
Oxygen comes from water 
Structure of a chloroplast organelle for photosynthesis Has double membrane Contains discs called thylakoids Thylakoids contain chlorophy...
Preview 2 out of 9 pages
Add to cartPhotosynthesis reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + water + light ----> glucose (sugar) + oxygen 
Oxygen comes from water 
Structure of a chloroplast organelle for photosynthesis Has double membrane Contains discs called thylakoids Thylakoids contain chlorophy...
*The Origin of Life* 
Know the 7 criteria that must be met if something is to be considered alive. have an organized structure (anatomy) 
contain chemical reactions coordinated to perform vital functions (metabolism) 
be able to maintain constant internal environment (homeostasis) 
react to interna...
Preview 2 out of 14 pages
Add to cart*The Origin of Life* 
Know the 7 criteria that must be met if something is to be considered alive. have an organized structure (anatomy) 
contain chemical reactions coordinated to perform vital functions (metabolism) 
be able to maintain constant internal environment (homeostasis) 
react to interna...
Which of the following types of neurons will pass through a spinal cord root ganglion?afferent 
What structures are likely to be found in ganglia?Cell bodies 
Which part of the neuron typically receives signals from other neurons?Dendrites 
Schwann cells wrap around what part of a neuron?Axon 
Based...
Preview 1 out of 4 pages
Add to cartWhich of the following types of neurons will pass through a spinal cord root ganglion?afferent 
What structures are likely to be found in ganglia?Cell bodies 
Which part of the neuron typically receives signals from other neurons?Dendrites 
Schwann cells wrap around what part of a neuron?Axon 
Based...
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a... population 
Organisms interacts with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into... the potential energy of chemical bonds 
The main source of eneer...
Preview 2 out of 10 pages
Add to cartA localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a... population 
Organisms interacts with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into... the potential energy of chemical bonds 
The main source of eneer...
Monomer A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers 
Cation A positively charged ion 
Anion A negatively charged ion 
primary protein linear sequence of amino acids 
secondary protein structure coiling or folding of a polypeptide due to H-bonding between amino acids 
tertiar...
Preview 2 out of 9 pages
Add to cartMonomer A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers 
Cation A positively charged ion 
Anion A negatively charged ion 
primary protein linear sequence of amino acids 
secondary protein structure coiling or folding of a polypeptide due to H-bonding between amino acids 
tertiar...
DNA replication involves... the separation of the two strands of the double helix at a replication fork 
DNA strands are used as... templates to direct the synthesis of new strands during replication 
DNA replication is___ semiconservative 
Semiconservative... means that each daughter DNA molecule c...
Preview 3 out of 19 pages
Add to cartDNA replication involves... the separation of the two strands of the double helix at a replication fork 
DNA strands are used as... templates to direct the synthesis of new strands during replication 
DNA replication is___ semiconservative 
Semiconservative... means that each daughter DNA molecule c...
Another name for cytosol intracellular fluid 
Stratum lucidum is present only in the epidermis 
The interior part (core) of a cell membrane is hydrophilic (can interact with water) False (the core of the lipid bilayer is comprised of hydrophobic fatty acid tails- water or the polar/charged molecules...
Preview 1 out of 3 pages
Add to cartAnother name for cytosol intracellular fluid 
Stratum lucidum is present only in the epidermis 
The interior part (core) of a cell membrane is hydrophilic (can interact with water) False (the core of the lipid bilayer is comprised of hydrophobic fatty acid tails- water or the polar/charged molecules...
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller twishfrancis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
No, you only buy these notes for $45.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now