COGNITIVE SCIENCE

To "program" the brain to perform a cognitive task, we also need supervised learning - the system is told what the desired output is for each set of inputs. Orientation Map in Visual Cortex - ANSWER- The different pinwheels here correspond to different spots in our visual field. Retinotopi...

Explicit Memory - ANSWER- Conscious recall of facts and events (e.g., remembering your 2nd-grade teacher's name) Shallow Encoding Example - ANSWER- Mnemonics or tricks (e.g., ROYGBIV) help with rote memorization but lack deep understanding Deep Encoding Example - ANSWER- Elaborating on the me...

Church-Turing Thesis - ANSWER- Any computation that a human could carry out with pencil and paper can also be done by a Turing machine Classical Computation Theory of Mind (CCTM) - ANSWER- The mind is a computational system, with core mental processes that use algorithms and representations simil...

Cognitive sources of information - ANSWER- (top-down, apperceptual) sources of information coming from memory, knowledge and experience Perceptual sources of information - ANSWER- (bottom-up) sources of information coming from current sensory data in the environment Connectionist approaches - AN...

Increased serotonin - ANSWER- makes people more harm averse (more moral) for personal moral dilemmas, no effect for impersonal moral dilemmas Utilitarianism - ANSWER- consequentialist, actions do not have intrinsic moral worth, only defined by consequences (pull the lever) Deontology - ANSWER- n...

Mystery - ANSWER- An issue that we don't know how to approach What is the most common answer to the mind/body problem? - ANSWER- Dualism Dualism - ANSWER- The belief that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact Introspection - ANSWER- Examination of one's own thoughts and feel...

The "Hard" Problem - ANSWER- Can humans ever learn what it's like to represent the world using echolocation? Mary lives in a world of black and white. She sees the color red for the first time. The Knowledge Argument - ANSWER- Conscious experience involves non-physical properties Mary ...

Which approach to cognitive science focuses on the survival of cognitive processes across generations? - ANSWER- Evolutionary approach Robotics goes beyond the traditional artificial intelligence approach in that its systems can - ANSWER- Dacttt in a real world environment A corporate logo is no...

Church-Turing Thesis (not theorem) - ANSWER- The class of computable functions and the class of functions that can be computed by a Turing machine are one and the same Adding "extra features" increases the power of a Turing machine (T/F) - ANSWER- False. Nothing adds any power Every algori...

According to Marr, vision is an ____________________ task - ANSWER- informationprocessing Marr's analysis of the visual system is a classic example of a _________________approach in cognitive science - ANSWER- Top-down The level at which the input-output profile of an information-processing sy...

Cognitive Science - ANSWER- the interdisciplinary study of the mind as an information processor Digital representations - ANSWER- discrete, categorical Approximate number system - ANSWER- detects differences between large sets of numbers without counting Subitizing system - ANSWER- discriminate...

True or false: multilayer artificial neural networks learn using the perceptron convergence rule - ANSWER- False Which of the following is true of James Watt's steam engine governor? (There is more than one correct answer - check all that apply.) -A differential equation specifies the how the...

What was are some criticisms by Max Coltheart? - ANSWER- theories must make specific predictions about brain states, must also be falsifiable so that scientists can improve their research Consistency Fallacy - ANSWER- the false argument that data supports a theory because the theory can be made c...

According to the connectionist view, knowledge is represented - ANSWER- as a pattern of activation throughout a network Michelle misplaced her umbrella. Instead of looking everywhere for it, she first checks in the hallway outside her apartment door. Michelle has just used a - ANSWER- means-end a...