TEST BANK FOR MATERNAL CHILD NURSING CARE 5TH EDITION BY PERRY

Nurses must be alert for increased fluid requirements when a child has: a. Fever. c. Congestive heart failure. b. Mechanical ventilation. d. Increased intracranial pressure (ICP). ANS: A Fever leads to great insensible fluid loss in young children because of increased body surface area relative to fluid volume. Respiratory rate influences insensible fluid loss and should be monitored in the mechanically ventilated child. Congestive heart failure is a case of fluid overload in children. ICP does not lead to increased fluid requirements in children. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1255 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 2. Which type of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss? a. Isotonic dehydration c. Hypotonic dehydration b. Isosmotic dehydration d. Hypertonic dehydration ANS: D Hypertonic dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss. This is the most dangerous type of dehydration. It is caused by feeding children fluids with high amounts of solute. Isotonic dehydration occurs in conditions in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in balanced proportion. Isosmotic dehydration is another term for isotonic dehydration. Hypotonic dehydration occurs when the electrolyte deficit exceeds the water deficit, leaving the serum hypotonic. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1256 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 3. An infant is brought to the emergency department with poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, and tachycardia. This is suggestive of: a. Overhydration. c. Sodium excess. b. Dehydration. d. Calcium excess. ANS: B These clinical manifestations indicate dehydration. Symptoms of overhydration are edema and weight gain. Regardless of extracellular sodium levels, total body sodium is usually depleted in dehydration. Symptoms of hypocalcemia are a result of neuromuscular irritability and manifest as jitteriness, tetany, tremors, and muscle twitching. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1256 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 4. Acute diarrhea is often caused by: a. Hirschsprung’s disease. c. Hypothyroidism. b. Antibiotic therapy. d. Meconium ileus. ANS: B TEST BANK FOR MATERNAL CHILD NURSING CARE 5TH EDITION BY PERRY NURSINGTB.COM N U R S I N G T B . C O M Acute diarrhea is a sudden increase in frequency and change in consistency of stools and may be associated with antibiotic therapy. Hirschsprung’s disease, hypothyroidism, and meconium ileus are usually manifested with constipation rather than diarrhea. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1259 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 5. The viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children is: a. Giardia organisms. c. Rotavirus. b. Shigella organisms. d. Salmonella organisms. ANS: C Rotavirus is the most frequent viral pathogen that causes diarrhea in young children. Giardia and Salmonella are bacterial pathogens that cause diarrhea. Shigella is a bacterial pathogen that is uncommon in the United States. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1260 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 6. A parasite that causes acute diarrhea is: a. Shigella organisms. c. Giardia lamblia. b. Salmonella organisms. d. Escherichia coli. ANS: C Giardia is a parasite that represents 15% of nondysenteric illness in the United States. Shigella, Salmonella, and E. coli are bacterial pathogens. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 1273 OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiologic Integrity 7. A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood cells. This is most sugge