Student Exploration: Longitudinal Waves Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) In many science fiction movies, an evil alien spaceship explodes with an enormous KABOOM!! Suppose you were floating in space at a safe distance from a large explosion such as the supernova at le...
Student Exploration: Longitudinal Waves
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) In many science fiction movies, an evil alien spaceship explodes with an enormous KABOOM!!
Suppose you were floating in space at a safe distance from a large explosion such as the supernova at left. Do you think you would you hear anything? Explain.
No, there is no medium through which sound waves might travel in the vacuum of space.
Gizmo Warm-up
No sounds can be heard in outer space because
sound waves require a medium, such as air, to travel through. Sound waves are examples of longitudinal waves, or waves in which particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave.
You can use the Longitudinal Waves GizmoTM to explore the behavior of sound waves. In the Gizmo, an air-filled tube contains 24 evenly-
spaced, airtight dividers. To begin, select the Pulsed waves setting and the Open tube. Set the Strength to 1.00. Deselect the graph options at lower right.
1. Click Play ( ) to set off the firecracker by the left end of the tube. What do you see?
The pressure wave travels down the tube
2. Do any individual air molecules travel the length of the tube? How do you know?
No, the wave propagates without moving matter.
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Introduction: When you strike a tuning fork on a hard surface, the tines of the fork start to vibrate back and forth at a certain frequency, or number of cycles per second. This motion causes nearby molecules to move back and forth, creating sound waves. The greater the frequency of the sound wave, the higher pitched the sound will be.
Question: What happens to air as a sound wave passes through it?
1. Observe: Click Play, and then click Pause (
) after about 70 simulated milliseconds (does not have to be exact). Sketch the current positions of the dividers below.
2. Identify: Longitudinal waves have two important features. Compressions are regions
where particles are squished together. Rarefactions are regions where particles are spread apart.
3. Observe: Turn on the Displacement graph. The displacement of a divider is equal to the change from its original position. The original positions of the red and green dividers
are shown by the red and green dots below the tube.
In which direction has the red divider moved? The green divider?
Forward, none
4. Interpret: Compare the displacement graph to the dividers in the tube.
A.How does the graph represent movement to the right?
Positive readings
B.How does the graph represent movement to the left?
Negative readings
5. Analyze: Compare the displacement graph to the tube. What do you notice about the
displacement near the center of a compression or a rarefaction?
It is the highest or lowest value
6. Observe: Click Play. How is the progress of the longitudinal waves shown on the
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