When and by whom was nursing's first code of ethics written?
a.
1893, by Lystra Gretter
b.
1950, by the ANA House of Delegates
c.
1953, by the International Council of Nurses (ICN)
d.
2001, by the ANA House of Delegates - -A
The Nightingale Pledge, considered nursing's first code of ethics...
MIS CH4 test bank Questions
and Answers Grade A+ 2023
When and by whom was nursing's first code of ethics written?
a.
1893, by Lystra Gretter
b.
1950, by the ANA House of Delegates
c.
1953, by the International Council of Nurses (ICN)
d.
2001, by the ANA House of Delegates - -A
The Nightingale Pledge, considered nursing's first code of ethics, was written by Lystra Gretter
in 1893.
-A nurse didn't know what to do when faced with a particular ethical dilemma because an option
that would have a good outcome didn't seem possible. The nurse decided to talk to the agency
supervisor and decide what action to take. Which of the following best describes the nurse's
actions?
a.
Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse's choices
b.
Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource persons (clergy, physicians,
administrators) who might know of options the nurse hadn't considered
c.
Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the nurse maintains
responsibility for the decision
d.
Wise, because the supervisor would be more knowledgeable concerning agency priorities and
traditional practices - -C
Ethically, each nurse is responsible for his or her own decisions and cannot avoid ethical
accountability by relying on obedience to a supervisor or any external rule or policy.
-Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in the ethical decision-making process?
a.
Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made.
b.
Consider the various ethical principles or theories.
c.
Identify the ethical concerns.
d.
Make a decision and act on it. - -C
, The first step in the ethical decision-making framework is to carefully identify the ethical issue
or dilemma.
-A nurse is asked to meet with a family who recently emigrated from Botswana (Africa). After
the clinical doctor tells the husband the wife's diagnosis of breast cancer, the family thanks the
physician and starts to leave. Ethically, which of the following is the nurse's most important
action?
a.
Emphasizing that the family must set up a surgical appointment for the wife immediately
b.
Assessing the family's current living situation, including insurance and other assets
c.
Educating the family concerning the usual treatment and the prognosis of breast cancer
d.
Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the family's well-being - -D
Any of the actions might be taken. However, the United States is a multicultural nation with
diverse ethnic groups and diverse values. Before any intervention can be made, the health care
professionals must understand the family's cultural, psychological, social, communal, and
environmental contexts, because these contexts affect the way issues are formulated and
decisions are made. Consequently, it is crucial to interview the family to determine their
understanding of the situation before deciding what, if any, intervention must be made. In many
cultures the family, rather than the individual, is the unit of primary concern.
-The nurse learns that a family has decided not to accept medical intervention for a health care
problem because paying for the care would drastically reduce the family's resources and ability
to meet the needs of other family members. Ethically, which of the following actions should be
taken by the nurse?
a.
Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if
it is clear the family has made an informed choice.
b.
Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the family will have to create
some way to raise funds for the needed treatment.
c.
Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created.
d.
Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the
agency, because the medical need is obvious. - -A
As Callahan described, although the nurse may attempt moral persuasion to change the family's
values, in the absence of immediate and grievous harm, no ethical requirement exists to interfere
with the family's values.
-Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family.
The father is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take
time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "It is a wife's responsibility to care
for an ill husband." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse?
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