PLTW: HBS EOC Exam Review Questions With Complete Solutions

What is the function of the urinary system? correct answer: To filter blood, remove waste in the form of urine What are the four organs involved in the urinary system? correct answer: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra What is the function of the kidney? correct answer: To filter blood and create urea What are ureters? correct answer: Tubes that transfer the urea from the kidney to the bladder What is the bladder? correct answer: Holds the urine until it can be removed What is the urethra? correct answer: Transports the urine out of the body What is the function of the nervous system? correct answer: Information collection and response, control of basic body functions What organs/structures are involved in the nervous system? correct answer: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs What are peripheral nerves? correct answer: Nerves that carry signals to and from limbs What is the function of the immune system? correct answer: Prevents and eliminates infections What are the organs of the immune system? correct answer: Thymus, tonsils, appendix, spleen, lymph nodes, skin What is the thymus? correct answer: Promotes production of WBCs What are the tonsils? correct answer: Trap pathogens as they enter the body What is the appendix? correct answer: Stores good bacteria What is the spleen? correct answer: Filters blood What are the lymph nodes? correct answer: Filter lymph fluid What is the function of the digestive system? correct answer: To break down food into nutrients to fuel the body What are the organs of the digestive system? correct answer: Teeth/tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, gall bladder, liver What is the pharynx? correct answer: Connects the mouth to the esophagus What is the rectum? correct answer: The final section of the large intestine What is the anus? correct answer: Part of the body from which stool is released What is the gall bladder? correct answer: Small membranous sac that stores bile and releases it into the large intestine What is the liver? correct answer: Makes bile for the small intestine What is the function of the respiratory system? correct answer: Takes in oxygen for cells and removes cellular CO2 waste. What are the organs of the respiratory system? correct answer: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, epiglottis, bronchi,, alveoli What is the function of the cardiovascular system? correct answer: Moves blood throughout the body What organs/structures make up the cardiovascular system? correct answer: Atria, ventricles, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries What is the function of the endocrine system? correct answer: Responsible for secretion of hormones anterior correct answer: front ventral correct answer: front (belly) posterior correct answer: back dorsal correct answer: back superior correct answer: higher, above inferior correct answer: lower, below lateral correct answer: side medial correct answer: toward the middle proximal correct answer: on limb, nearer to attachment point far distal correct answer: on limb, farther from attachment point near superficial correct answer: more external, surface of the body deep correct answer: more internal What does epithelial tissue do? correct answer: COVERS lines organs and body cavities How is epithelial tissue structured? correct answer: Layers (one kind of cells inside, different kind outside) What does muscle tissue do? correct answer: MOVES makes up all muscles, including the heart How is muscle tissue structured? correct answer: Long and narrow so they can contract to allow movement What does nervous tissue do? correct answer: SIGNALS includes neurons How is nervous tissue structured? correct answer: long axons to allow signals to travel distances, branches for connections What does connective tissue do? correct answer: JOINS adipose (fat), blood, bone, cartilage, etc. How is connective tissue structured? correct answer: fairly consistent matrix to allow it to fill spaces of various shapes/sizes What is the axial skeleton? correct answer: the skull and trunk PROTECTS soft organs like brain, heart, lungs What is the appendicular skeleton? correct answer: the arms and legs used for LOCOMOTION What is forensic anthropology? correct answer: the study of mankind; bones at a crime scene Male skull eye sockets correct answer: square Female skull eye sockets correct answer: rounded