100% Zufriedenheitsgarantie Sofort verfügbar nach Zahlung Sowohl online als auch als PDF Du bist an nichts gebunden
logo-home
Vorher von dir gesucht
Vorher von dir gesucht
logo
Summary Pragmatics LCX056B05 English RUG Communication Information Studies 6,09 €
In den Einkaufswagen
Navigiere schnell zu
Vorschau
  2.  
  3. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
  4.  
  5. (LCX058B05)

Zusammenfassung

Summary Pragmatics LCX056B05 English RUG Communication Information Studies
 5 mal verkauft
  • Kurs
  • (LCX058B05)
  • Hochschule
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)

Summary of the pragmatics course in communication information studies at RUG. From the year . Course code LCX056B05. My grade was 8.5.

vorschau 3 aus 21   Seiten

Dokument Information

  • 14. november 2023
  • 21
  • 2022/2023
  • Zusammenfassung

Themen

  • pragmatics
  • international
  • english
  • brown levinson
  • terminology
  • lectures
  • politeness
  • face
  • speech act
  • communication
  • speech
  • theorists
  • discourse
  • markers
  • discourse markers

Schule, Studium & Fach

  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
  • Communicatie- en informatiewetenschappen
  • (LCX058B05)

Verkäufer

avatar-seller
lukajde

Inhaltsvorschau

Exam Preparation Pragmatics

Part 1 - Seminar Material/s

Week 1. Introduction
Pragmatics is the study of knowing what the speakers mean with words by using them.
A speech act is the use of language for an intentional purpose, for example:
● insult someone
● pass a compliment
● Etc
As an apology for causing inconvenience, the term ‘excuse me’ has a politeness
function so that the two parts of his utterance are two speech acts, an apology and a
request for help. Politeness phenomena (Brown&Levinson) mark a departure from
maximally efficient communication. When a guest wants the landlady to open the bar,
they don’t use the maximally economical imperative form “open the bar” but instead
asks the question “is the bar open?”. It is an important phenomenon since we need to
explain why anyone would go to unnecessary trouble when communicating a meaning.

In pragmatics there is no such thing as a rule: we have expectations about how
interaction will go and, as we’ll see later, can identify principles which seem to guide
what we choose to say in order to convey speaker meaning. In a similar way, pragmatic
meanings are probabilistic in the sense that the addressee must infer from my use of
‘you need to get yourself a better car’ that I’m passing a compliment, but as his
inference is only the best guess he can make as to what I mean by what I say, it’s
probabilistic.

The judgments we make about pragmatics are governed by optimality, so that a
speaker tries to achieve an optimal form for the meaning she seeks to convey and a
hearer tries to determine an optimal meaning for the form of the utterance he hears.
This is why in pragmatics there are only extents to which we achieve an optimal
meaning-to-form and form-to-meaning correspondence. Metapragmatic features, such
as prosody and discourse markers, lessen the task of reaching an optimal
understanding, especially when an unusually large processing effort is required or when
without this marking we wouldn’t be able to recover such speaker meanings at all. We
might therefore think of them as constraints on interpretation because, by reducing the
wide range of possible interpretations, they help us to recover the speaker’s intended
meaning in an economical way and within the limited time that online processing of talk
allows. Talk-in-interaction has an emergent nature: participants can not always predict
another’s response.

,Sentence meaning is the term we use to describe the literal meaning of sentences,
whereas speaker meaning is the term we use to describe the meanings we infer that
go beyond literal meaning. Sometimes the propositional form of the sentence meaning
will look similar to the propositional form of the speaker meaning, as in:
(1) that’s the bus <sentence meaning>
that’s the bus that Joan will be on <putative speaker meaning>
Sometimes they look very different, as in
(2) you need to get yourself a better car <sentence meaning>
I’m full of admiration for your lovely new car <putative speaker meaning>

In Optimality Theory, matching sentence meaning to speaker meaning is not subject to
rules which generate utterances but to constraints which limit the possibilities available
for conveying the meaning the speaker has in mind. Metapragmatic marking guides
the correct interpretation of an utterance that might otherwise be misunderstood. So by
prefacing what this says with ‘oh’ “Oh, 25p off milk products'', the correct meaning is
conveyed. The reason we use the word metapragmatic is because it shows that
speakers are (possibly subconsciously) aware of the pragmatic effect of what they say.
Speech act theory distinguishes between what we say and what we do by saying, or
between the propositions carried by our utterances and the force they have.
Felicity conditions is context most commonly associated with an utterance. So if
someone asks whether the bar is open, the felicity condition with this utterance is that
this person would like to drink. However, if the person was asking for another reason,
the person hasn’t found an optimal form for the speaker meaning.

Week 2. Truth and Action
Austin’s Theory: Language = Action, no language
is pure description; a person producing an
utterance is not describing the world, they are
acting in the world (and change it by producing the
utterance)
They for example perform a suggestion. It does not
have a truth value, it’s a speech act.
Constative: representations of language can be true or false → truth
“The odds of getting the flu are exactly 1 in 674”
Performative: representations of language can be successful or not → action
“I promise the lecture is over soon”
Later Austin abandoned this and claimed all utterances are performatives, because
even if you are describing you are still acting the world.

, Therefore: utterances are not guided by truth but by cultural knowledge about how to
use these utterances and by their relationship to intention and thought.
Searle’s Theory: the basic unit of human
linguistic communication is the illocutionary act’
in the form of a ‘complete sentence’ produced
under specific conditions. Illocutionary acts
have an ‘effect’ on the hearer; the hearer
understands the speaker’s utterance. Speaking
is performing illocutionary acts in a
rule-governed form of behavior. These rules are
either regulative and can be paraphrased as
imperatives, or they are constitutive and create
and define new forms of behavior. Searle’s
constitutive rules of speech acts represent
Austin’s felicity conditions.
Felicity conditions to study performatives:
Locutionary act: (phonetic → uttering noises, phatic → using words in a certain
grammatical structure, rhetic → using words with a certain meaning)
- Phonetic act: [w a t f ðə d g ɒʧ ʊ ɔː ɒ ]
- Phatic act: watch out for the dog
- Rhetic act: he said to me “watch out for the dog”
Illocutionary act: expressing → performative use of preposition, He expresses the
opinion that the dog might be dangerous
Perlocutionary act: convinced → intended effect of speech act, He has convinced me
that I should be careful with the dog
constitutive rules for illocutionary acts:
- propositional content rule: range of content, smallest common denominator of the
content
- preparatory rules: meaningfulness of the action, conditions/prerequisites for the
existence
- sincerity rule: the utterance must be intended
- essential rule: the utterance counts as…
A classification of illocutionary acts (1976)

Alle Vorteile der Zusammenfassungen von Stuvia auf einen Blick:

Garantiert gute Qualität durch Reviews

Garantiert gute Qualität durch Reviews

Stuvia Verkäufer haben mehr als 700.000 Zusammenfassungen beurteilt. Deshalb weißt du dass du das beste Dokument kaufst.

Schnell und einfach kaufen

Schnell und einfach kaufen

Man bezahlt schnell und einfach mit iDeal, Kreditkarte oder Stuvia-Kredit für die Zusammenfassungen. Man braucht keine Mitgliedschaft.

Konzentration auf den Kern der Sache

Konzentration auf den Kern der Sache

Deine Mitstudenten schreiben die Zusammenfassungen. Deshalb enthalten die Zusammenfassungen immer aktuelle, zuverlässige und up-to-date Informationen. Damit kommst du schnell zum Kern der Sache.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

Was bekomme ich, wenn ich dieses Dokument kaufe?

Du erhältst eine PDF-Datei, die sofort nach dem Kauf verfügbar ist. Das gekaufte Dokument ist jederzeit, überall und unbegrenzt über dein Profil zugänglich.

Zufriedenheitsgarantie: Wie funktioniert das?

Unsere Zufriedenheitsgarantie sorgt dafür, dass du immer eine Lernunterlage findest, die zu dir passt. Du füllst ein Formular aus und unser Kundendienstteam kümmert sich um den Rest.

Wem kaufe ich diese Zusammenfassung ab?

Stuvia ist ein Marktplatz, du kaufst dieses Dokument also nicht von uns, sondern vom Verkäufer lukajde. Stuvia erleichtert die Zahlung an den Verkäufer.

Werde ich an ein Abonnement gebunden sein?

Nein, du kaufst diese Zusammenfassung nur für 6,09 €. Du bist nach deinem Kauf an nichts gebunden.

Kann man Stuvia trauen?

4.6 Sterne auf Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

45.681 Zusammenfassungen wurden in den letzten 30 Tagen verkauft

Gegründet 2010, seit 15 Jahren die erste Adresse für Zusammenfassungen

Starte mit dem Verkauf

Kürzlich von dir angesehen

Zusammenfassung ·

(1)

Samenvatting module 'Basis acute zorg deel 2' - IC/MC verpleegkunde - UMC Utrecht

Prüfung ·

(1)

TEST BANK PHARMACOLOGY AND THE NURSING PROCESS 8TH EDITION BY LINDA LANE LILLEY.

Prüfung ·

(0)

NUR 2790 PROFESSIONAL NURSING 3 FINAL EXAM. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE

Paket-deal ·

(0)

Hoofdstuk 1 t/m 3 voor 4VWO - gedrag, cel en leven, wetenschappelijk onderzoek

Zusammenfassung ·

(0)

AQA A-Level Chemistry - Energetics: Calorimetry and Measuring Enthalpy Change

Zusammenfassung ·

(0)

Summary English culture and history of the UK part V + UK Education + UK Media

Prüfung ·

(1)

WGU Data Management - Foundations - D426 Exam Questions And Answers 100% Solved

Zusammenfassung ·

(1)

Samenvatting Module 4 Laagland B Literatuurgeschiedenis 4/5/6 vwo - Nederlands

Prüfung ·

(0)

(Answered)ATI Priority setting frameworks advanced test TC ; all correct 2022.

6,09 €  5x  verkauft
  • (0)
In den Einkaufswagen
Hinzugefügt