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Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology:
Neuroscientific Basis and Practical
Applications 5th Edition (by Stephen M. Stahl)
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Chemical neurotransmission .................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2 Transporters, receptors, and enzymes as targets of psychopharmacologicaldrug action ....... 11
Chapter 3 Ion channels as targets of psychopharmacological drug action ............................................. 16
Chapter 4 Psychosis and schizophrenia .................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 5 Antipsychotic agents .............................................................................................................. 35
Chapter 6 Mood disorders ...................................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 7 Antidepressants ...................................................................................................................... 51
Chapter 7: Antidepressants/Depressive DisordersAnswer Section ........................................................ 57
Chapter 8 Mood stabilizers ..................................................................................................................... 60
Chapter 9 Anxiety disorders and anxiolytics .......................................................................................... 75
Chapter 10 Chronic pain and its treatment ............................................................................................. 81
Chapter 11 Disorders of sleep and wakefulness and their treatment ...................................................... 89
Chapter 12 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its treatment ................................................... 95
Chapter 13 Dementia and its treatment ................................................................................................ 104
Chapter 14 Impulsivity, compulsivity, and addiction ........................................................................... 114
Chapter 1 Chemical neurotransmission
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A patient with depression mentions to the nurse, My mother says depression is a
chemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the theory
that depression primarily involves which of the following neurotransmitters?
a. Cortisol and GABA
b. COMT and glutamate
c. Monamine and glycine
d. Serotonin and norepinephrine
ANS: D
One possible cause of depression is thought to involve one or more neurotransmitters.
Serotonin and norepinephrine have been found to be important in the regulation of
depression. There is no research to support that the other options play a significant
role in the development of depression.
2. A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that has resulted in
damage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to reinforce this
diagnosis?
a. Observing the patient pick up a spoon
b. Asking the patient to recite the alphabet
c. Monitoring the patients blood pressure
d. Comparing the patients grip strength in both hands
ANS: B
Accidents or strokes that damage Brocas area may result in the inability to speak (i.e.,
motor aphasia). Fine motor skills, blood pressure control, and muscle strength are not
controlled by the Broca area of the left frontal lobe.
3. The patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks why psychotropic medications are
always prescribed by the doctor. The nurses answer will be based on information that
the therapeutic action of psychotropic drugs is the result of their effect on:
a. The temporal lobe; especially Wernickes area
b. Dendrites and their ability to transmit electrical impulses
c. The regulation of neurotransmitters especially dopamine
d. The peripheral nervous system sensitivity to the psychotropic medications
, ANS: C
Medications used to treat psychiatric disorders operate in and around the synaptic cleft
and have action at the neurotransmitter level, especially in the case of schizophrenia,
on dopamine. The Wernickes area, dendrite function, or the sensitivity of the
peripheral nervous system are not relevant to either schizophrenia or psychotropic
medications.
4. A student nurse mutters that it seems entirely unnecessary to have to struggle with
understanding the anatomy and physiology of the neurologic system. The mentor
would base a response on the understanding that it is:
Necessary but generally for psychiatric nurses who focus primarily on
a. behavioral interventions
A complex undertaking that advance practice psychiatric nurses frequently use
b. in their practice
Important primarily for the nursing assessment of patients with brain
c. traumacaused cognitive symptoms
Necessary for planning psychiatric care for all patients especially those
d. experiencing psychiatric disorders
ANS: D
Nurses must understand that many symptoms of psychiatric disorders have a
neurologic basis, although the symptoms are manifested behaviorally. This
understanding facilitates effective care planning. The foundation of knowledge is not
used exclusively by advanced practice psychiatric nurses nor is it relevant for only
behavior therapies or brain trauma since dealing with the results of normal and
abnormal brain function is a responsibility of all nurses providing all types of care to
the psychiatric patient.
5. A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused by her
chronic depression? Which response is supported by research data?
a. Too much stress has been proven to cause all kinds of cancer.
b. There have been no research studies done on stress and disease yet.
c. Stress does cause the release of factors that suppress the immune system.
d. There appears to be little connection between stress and diseases of the body
ANS: C
Research indicates that stress causes a release of corticotropin-releasing factors that
suppress the immune system. Studies indicate that psychiatric disorders such as mood
disorders are sometimes associated with decreased functioning of the immune system.
Research does not support a connection between many cancers and stress. There is a
significant amount of research about stress and the body. Research has shown that
there are some connections between stress and physical disease.
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