Hondros BIO 117 Digestive System Exam With Complete Solution Graded A+

Digestive System - Answer-consists of the alimentary canal and accessory glands Function of the alimentary canal - Answer-mechanically and chemically break down food and then absorb the nutrients into the blood and lymph Mechanical processes - Answer-chewing (mastication), mashing, squashing of contents Chemical processes - Answer-use of chemical substances to break down nutrients into their respective building blocks Structure of alimentary canal - Answer-1. Mouth 2. Tongue 3. Oropharynx 4. Esophagus Salivary Glands - Answer-secrete digestive juices/saliva three pairs: a. Parotid b. Submandibular c. Sublingual Parts of Respiratory tract - Answer-Glottis and Trachea Oropharynx - Answer-air and food cross here Esophagus - Answer-Moves bolus towards the stomach by involuntary peristaltic movement Digestive tract order - Answer-1. mouth 2. oropharynx3. pharynx 4. esophagus 5. stomach 6. duodenum 7. jejunum 8. ileum 9. cecum 10. Ascending Colon 11. Transverse Colon 12. Descending Colon 13. Sigmoid Colon 14. Rectum 15. Anal Canal Mucus - Answer-provides mechanical protection against hard or sharp substances that get in the oral cavity lysozyme - Answer-enzyme that kills bacteria Salivary Amylose (Ptyalin) - Answer-Enzyme that starts the digestion of starch Liver (Hepar) - Answer-many functions secretes bile: -bile salts-emulsify lipids (not an enzyme) -bilirubin- waste product of hemoglobin Detoxifies: substances absorbed from the intestines pass through the liver via the hepatic portal veins Produces a number of plasma proteins: Albumin Fibrinogen and prothrombin (clotting) Stores glycogenGal Bladder (Cholecyst) Function - Answer-Concentrate and stor bile and pumps it into the duodenum when needed via the common bile duct Large Intestine - Answer-Forms Feces. Absorbs water and electrolytes, some vitamins. Populated by bacteria (E. coli) that are very important in proper digestion and protecting the body from invasion by other bacteria Stomach (gaster) - Answer-secretes gastric juice, mucus, HCl hydrochloric acid, pepsin, intrinsic factor HCl Hydrochloric Acid - Answer-Nonspecific defense, makes gastric content acidic