Science Olympiad Cell Biology 2024 Graded A+

Science Olympiad Cell Biology 2024 Graded A+ Prokaryotic cell Single-celled miroorganism with no membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic cell Has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Cabpsule Only in plants, jelly-like fluid, protects cell wall Nucleiod Singular circlular molecule of DNA Flagellum Protein fiber, movement Plasma membrane Controls what goes in and out Cilia Sweep materials off cell surface Rough ER Ribosomes, materials for protein synthesis Smooth ER Lipid synthesis Ribosomes Protein synthesis, takes info from RNA and turns them into proteins Golgi Apparatus Packing center, packages newly synthesized proteins Lysosomes Recycling, has enzymes to digest ingested material/ damages tissues Microbody organelle, special enzymes, hydrogen peroxide Centrioles Organize spindle fibers during cell division Cytoskeleton cell shape, internal organization, cell movement Intermediate filaments provide strength for the cell Microtubules Determine shape, act as tracks for organelles and vesicles to move on. Separate chromosomes during mitosis. Also movement Microfilaments Actin, muscle contractions and other movements; gliding, contraction, and cytokinesis. Nucleosomes Repeating units of DNA wrapped around histone proteins and linker DNA Solenoid Coiling of nucleosomes Chromatin fiber Repeating nucleosomes Metaphase chromosomes Coiled chromosomes during metaphase Transcription Conversion of genetic info from DNA to mRNA in nucleus Nuclear membrane Contains pores with annulus to control what goes in and out Nucleolus subunits of ribosomes Diffusion Movement from HIGH to LOW concentration Osmosis Diffusion of water