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,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition MiesfeldII II II II II II II II
Chapter 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes
II II II II II II II II
LEARNING OBJECTIVES II
2.1 Energy Conversion in Biological Systems
II II II II 2.2 Water Is Critical for Life Processes
II II II II II
2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on
II II II II II II II II II 2.2.a. Identify hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond II II II II II II
Earth.
II acceptors.
II
2.1.b. Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs. II II II II 2.2.b. Describe how an antifreeze protein functions. II II II II II
2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in
II II II II II II 2.2.c. Differentiate among hydrogen bonds, ionic II II II II
biological systems.
II II interactions, and van der Waals interactions.
II II II II II II
2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings. II II II II II II 2.2.d. State the concept of the hydrophobic effect and how
II II II II II II II II
it impacts protein folding.
II II II II
2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated II II II II II
systems.
II 2.2.e. Explain the impacts of hypotonic, isotonic, and II II II II II II
hypertonic solutions on cells.
II II II II
2.1.f. Explain the first law of thermodynamics as it applies
II II II II II II II II
to biological systems.
II II II 2.2.f. Identify the important aspects of plant, fungi, and II II II II II II II
bacterial cells that allow them to survive in a hypotonic
II II II II II II II II II II
2.1.g. Differentiate between endothermic and exothermic II II II II
environment.
II
reactions.
II
2.2.g. Calculate the concentration of H+ or OH– given II II II II
II
II
II
2.1.h. State the second law of thermodynamics as it applies
II II II II II II II II
the OH– or H+ concentration.
II II
I I
II
I I
to biological systems.
II II II
2.2.h. Relate pH to the concentration of H+ or OH–. II II II II II II
I I
II
2.1.i. Explain the concept of entropy and its role in
II II II II II II II II
biological systems.
II II 2.2.i. Differentiate between weak acids and strong acids II II II II II II
and between weak bases and strong bases.
II II II II II II II
2.1.j. Define Gibbs free energy, its relation to enthalpy and
II II II II II II II II
entropy, and its relation to equilibrium.
II II II II II II 2.2.j. Relate pH to pKa using the Henderson-Hasselbalch
II II II II II II
equation.
II
2.1.k. Identify the impacts of enthalpy, entropy, and
II II II I II II
temperature on free energy.
II II II II
2.3 Cell Membranes Function as Selective Hydrophobic
II II II II II
Barriers
II
2.1.l. Differentiate between standard state condition and the II II II II II II
biochemical standard state.
II II II
2.3.a. Identify the characteristics of a phospholipid that II II II II II II
contribute to membrane formation.
II II II II
2.1.m. Differentiate between exergonic and endergonic II II II II
reactions and explain how such reactions are coupled in
II II II II II II II II II
2.3.b. Relate the degree of saturation in phospholipids to
II II II II II II II
biological systems.
II II
the fluidity of the membrane.
II II II II II
2.1.n. Identify the characteristics of the ATP molecule
II II II II II II
2.3.c. Explain the various ways cholesterol impacts II II II II II
that provide such a large standard free energy change for
II II II II II II II II II II
membrane structure.
II II
phosphoanhydride bond cleavage.
II II II
2.3.d. Differentiate among the different types of membranes II II II II II II
2.1.o. Describe the relationship between energy charge and
II II II II II II
found in a eukaryotic cell.
II II II II II
concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP.
II II II II II II
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
II II II II II II II II
Chapter 2: Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes
II II II II II II II II
MULTIPLE CHOICE II
1. Energy conversion in living systems is required for what three types of work?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. osmotic work, chemical work, mechanical work I I I I I I I I I I
b. osmotic work, chemical work, potential work I I I I I I I I I I
c. kinetic work, chemical work, mechanical work I I I I I I I I I I
d. osmotic work, photosynthetic work, mechanical work I I I I I I I I I I
ANS: A DIF: Easy
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
I I II II II II II II II II II II II
MSC: Remembering
I I I I
2. What chemical process is able to take place in the presence of solar energy?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. anaerobic respiration I I
b. photosynthesis
c. hydrogenation
d. hydrolysis
ANS: B DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
I I II II II II II II II II II II II
MSC: Remembering
I I I I
3. Which of the following is the correct solar energy reaction that takes place on the sun?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. 4 He 4He II II II
b. 4He 4 He II II II
c. 4 H 4He II II II
d. 4H 4 H II II II
ANS: C DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.a. Describe how sunlight is the source of all energy on Earth.
I I II II II II II II II II II II II
MSC: Understanding
I I I I
4. What is the final molecule made from the oxidation of H2O by solar energy?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II
a. ozone
b. glucose
c. fructose
d. carbon dioxide I I
ANS: B DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I reactions in biological I I I I
systems. MSC: Understanding
I I II I I
5. The difference between an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction is that oxidation is
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
the
I I
and reduction is the . I I I I I I I I I I
a. loss of electrons; gain of electrons I I I I I I I I I I
b. gain of electrons; loss of electrons I I I I I I I I I I
c. loss of protons; gain of protons I I I I I I I I I I
d. gain of protons; loss of protons I I I I I I I I I I
ANS: A DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.c. Explain the role of oxidation-reduction
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I reactions in biological I I I I
systems. MSC: Analyzing
I I II I I
1
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, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Biochemistry 1st Edition Miesfeld
II II II II II II II II
6. Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between an ice cube melting
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
on the table and the air surrounding it?
I I I I II II II II II II
a. The ice cube is the system and the air is the surroundings.
II II II II II II II II II II II
b. The air is the system and the ice cube is the surroundings.
II II II II II II II II II II II
c. The ice cube is the system and only the air is the universe.
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
d. The air is the system and only the ice cube is the universe.
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
ANS: A DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings.
I I II II II II II II II
MSC: Evaluating
II I I
7. Which of the following is an example of a system?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. the universe I I
b. the air I I
c. a test tube with reaction components
I I I I I I I I I I
d. outer space I I
ANS: C DIF: Easy
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.d. Differentiate between a system and its surroundings.
I I II II II II II II II
MSC: Understanding
II I I
8. A hot pack on your arm is an example of what kind of system?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. open
b. closed
c. isolated
d. surroundings
ANS: B DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated systems.
I I II II II II II II II
IMSC: Applying
I I I
9. Which of the following best describes an open system?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. Matter and energy are freely exchanged with the surroundings.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
b. Energy is exchanged with the surroundings but matter is not.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
c. Matter is exchanged with the surroundings but energy is not.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
d. Neither matter nor energy is exchanged with the surroundings.I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
ANS: A DIF: Easy
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.e. Differentiate among open, closed, and isolated systems.
I I II II II II II II II
IMSC: Understanding
I I I
10. Which of the following best defines the first law of thermodynamics?
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
a. All spontaneous processes in the universe tend toward dispersal of energy.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
b. Total amount of energy in the universe is a constant.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
c. There is no entropy at zero Kelvin. I I I I I I I I I I I I
d. Entropy is a measure of disorder. II I I I I I I I I
ANS: B DIF: Medium
I I REF: 2.1 I I
OBJ: 2.1.f. Explain the first law of thermodynamics as it applies to biological
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
systems. MSC: Understanding
I I II I I
2
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