*This course allows the student to apply what they have learned in the program curriculum to
practical use in a healthcare facility under the supervision of a preceptor on the site. Through the
externship experience, the student gain first-hand knowledge of the workplace and perform the
assigned duties to meet the expectations in a professional setting. Students are expected to adapt to
the work environment and reflect regularly on their learning and observations. The externship work
performed, is not to be paid.
Prerequisite(s): All preceding program courses
### 1. What are the options from which a decision maker chooses a course of action called?
a) Decision alternatives
b) Decision consequences
c) States of nature
d) Payoff possibilities
**Answer:** a) Decision alternatives
### 2. What can states of nature describe?
a) Only human actions
b) Only financial decisions
c) Uncontrollable natural events like floods or freezing temperatures
d) The decision alternatives
**Answer:** c) Uncontrollable natural events like floods or freezing temperatures
### 3. What does a payoff exist for in decision making?
a) Each alternative by itself
b) Each state of nature by itself
c) Each combination of a decision alternative and state of nature
d) Only the best alternative
**Answer:** c) Each combination of a decision alternative and state of nature
### 4. Making a good decision requires understanding which three elements?
a) Cost, time, and manpower
b) Decision alternatives, states of nature, and payoffs
c) Laws, ethics, and values
d) Risk, reward, and effort
,ESTUDY
**Answer:** b) Decision alternatives, states of nature, and payoffs
### 5. What is a decision tree used for?
a) Organizing financial data
b) Arranging decision alternatives and states of nature in their natural order
c) Scheduling tasks
d) Evaluating employee performance
**Answer:** b) Arranging decision alternatives and states of nature in their natural order
### 6. Which decision-making method without probabilities best protects against undesirable
outcomes?
a) Optimistic approach
b) Conservative approach
c) Risk-seeking approach
d) Random choice
**Answer:** b) Conservative approach
### 7. What does sensitivity analysis consider?
a) The risk of failure
b) Changes in the values of the payoffs
c) The emotional impact of decisions
d) The time required to implement decisions
**Answer:** b) Changes in the values of the payoffs
### 8. How do you find the Expected Value of Sample Information (EVSI)?
a) Use prior probabilities only
b) Use revised probabilities only
c) Use both prior and sample information probabilities to calculate revised probabilities
d) Use random values
**Answer:** c) Use both prior and sample information probabilities to calculate revised probabilities
### 9. If P(high) = 0.3, P(low) = 0.7, P(favorable | high) = 0.9, and P(unfavorable | low) = 0.6, what is
P(favorable)?
a) 0.3
b) 0.7
c) 0.55
d) 0.9
, ESTUDY
**Answer:** c) 0.55
### 10. How is the efficiency of sample information calculated?
a) EVPI/EVSI*(100%)
b) EVSI/EVPI*(100%)
c) EVSI + EVPI
d) EVSI - EVPI
**Answer:** b) EVSI/EVPI*(100%)
### 11. In a decision tree, what do probabilities refer to?
a) The certainty of an outcome
b) The cost of a decision
c) The probability of an uncertain event occurring
d) The number of decision alternatives
**Answer:** c) The probability of an uncertain event occurring
### 12. For a maximization problem, what is the conservative approach often called?
a) Maximax approach
b) Minimax approach
c) Maximin approach
d) Optimistic approach
**Answer:** c) Maximin approach
### 13. (T/F) Sample information with an efficiency rating of 100% is considered perfect information.
**Answer:** True
### 14. (T/F) States of nature should be defined so that one and only one will actually occur.
**Answer:** True
### 15. (T/F) Decision alternatives are structured so that several could occur simultaneously.
**Answer:** False
### 16. (T/F) Square nodes in a decision tree indicate that a decision must be made.
**Answer:** True
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