EEB 184 - Exam 2 Questions With
Correct Answers.
Proximal to distal - answerThe limb has three axes. What is the name of the axis that goes
from the shoulder to the ends of the fingers?
Ulna and radius - answerThe forelimb has three limb segments, the stylopod, zeugopod, and
autopod. Which bon...
Proximal to distal - answer✔The limb has three axes. What is the name of the axis that goes
from the shoulder to the ends of the fingers?
Ulna and radius - answer✔The forelimb has three limb segments, the stylopod, zeugopod, and
autopod. Which bone(s) are in the zeugopod?
Humerus - answer✔The forelimb has three limb segments, the stylopod, zeugopod, and
autopod. Which bone(s) are in the stylopod?
Carpals and digits - answer✔The forelimb has three limb segments, the stylopod, zeugopod,
and autopod. Which bone(s) are in the autopod?
Hox genes - answer✔Which gene family helps control cell fates along the proximal-distal axis
of the developing limb?
cell proliferation - answer✔Which of the following is a cellular process that needs to happen
for the limb to bring growing out from the body?
Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) - answer✔What is the name of the structurally distinct ridge
of epithelium in the developing limb bud that is located at the most distal extent of the limb bud
and perfectly bisects the dorsal and ventral halve of the bud?
progress zone - answer✔The massive progenitor cells building underneath the AER is called
the...
Zone of Polarizing Activity (ZPA) - answer✔What is the name of the distinct region of the
limb bud that is restricted to a small portion of the posterior most bud and that, when
transplanted, can cause the mirror image duplication of digits?
limb development ceases - answer✔If the AER is removed from the developing limb bud, what
happens?
positive - answer✔The AER, ZPA, and Progress Zone interact to pattern and control limb
development. What is the nature of the interactions between these elements?
Autopod and zeugopod would not form, but stylopod would form - answer✔What would you
expect to happen if the AER was
removed early before outgrowth began?
Autopod and zeugopod would not form, but stylopod would form - answer✔What would you
expect to happen if the AER was
removed later in limb development after outgrowth had begun?
AER - answer✔_______ drives cell proliferation and regulates limb outgrowth
ZPA - answer✔_______ patterns the AP axis, also contributes to cell proliferation
Limb structures would be repeated in a
mirror-like pattern - answer✔Assume you added a second ZPA to the anterior side of the limb
(see image 1B). What phenotype would you
expect to observe in the resulting chick limb?
Resulting embryos would die before limb development occurred - answer✔In the mouse (on
image 1C), Shh was only knocked out during limb development using a special technique. What
would happen if a mutation was instead introduced into the protein-coding region of Shh?
Shh - answer✔The earlier______ was removed, the fewer digits were formed
webbing - answer✔Bmps that don't die create...
Negative - answer✔Retinoic acid and Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) interact. What is the
nature of this interaction?
Tbx5 is expressed in the forelimb, Tbx4 is expressed in the hind limb - answer✔TBX genes
have been found to be expressed early in the outgrowth of the fore- and hind limb. Which
gene(s) have been found to be expressed in which limb?
Fgf8 - answer✔What is a primary gene produced by the AER that signals to the progress zone?
Wnt - Bmp - answer✔Which of the following morphogenetic gradients is important in setting
up the dorsal to ventral axis of the developing limb?
RA - Fgf8 - answer✔Which of the following morphogenetic gradients is important in setting up
the proximal to distal axis of the developing limb?
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