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AP US HISTORY-- chapter 12 notes
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chapter 12 notes from the ap us history textbook
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Chapter 12: War of 1812 and Era of Good Feelings- War of 1812
- Madison applied for a declaration of war for reasons of England violating US
neutrality, impressment, seizing ships, pressure from warhawks, opportunity to
seize Canada
- Madison had to convince Congress, Henry Clay was in favor of war
- Declaration approved
- House of Representatives had a strong majority for war
- Senate narrowly voted for war
- Opposition: Federalists in the North and New England all voted against
war including some republicans from western Virginia
- New England didn’t want war because England was their number
one trading partner
- New England also was worried because they were right against
Canada
- When the war started, they had their strongest army fighting Napoleon and a bit
weaker fighting the US
- War is fought in Canada and out at sea
- Initially went very poorly for the United States
- Nation was divided
- Failed invasion of Canada
- United State sends three different armies into Canada
- Hoped that the French in Quebec would help join the US, but that
didn’t happen
- Every army ended in a disaster
- We attacked Canada’s capital, York (now Toronto)
- There was an explosion that General Pike, one of the main
generals, died of
- America was convinced that it was not an accident
- Out of anger, after capturing York, they decided to burn a
lot of the key buildings in the city
- Canada mimics this to us later
- When we left Canada, they chased us and took a lot of Northwest
territory
- Although things were going bad, we had some wins at sea
- Battle of the Atlantic
- Stephen Decatur, known for fighting Barbary pirates, takes on a
ship called the HMS Macedonian on his ship USS United States
- On the Macedonian were a lot of impressed American
sailors
, - American sailors asked to not fight against their own
country’s ship, but said that they would shoot them in the
back of the head if they didn’t fight
- British ship eventually surrendered to Decatur
- Impressed American men came home
- America took the ship and the sailors
- Battle of Lake Erie (1813)
- After failed invasion of Canada, Canada took Lake Erie and a lot of
surrounding land
- America started to build ships on the lake to try and take control of the
lakes, and British did the same
- Oliver Hazard Perry, a naval commander, led the Americans on Lake
Erie
- Perry has to give up his ship and goes in a rowboat to get to a new
ship
- Perry’s new ship defeated England and took back Lake Erie and the
surrounding land
- Burning the Capital
- In 1814, Napoleon is defeated and the war with France is over
- Impressment would end and France would be dealt with
- Allows “A squad” ships and men to come to America and land off
of the Chesapeake near Washington D.C.
- Took Washington D.C. with ease
- British understand they can’t stay there for long so they
decide to burn the city and the White House
- Battle of Fort McHenry (1814)
- After burning down the capital, England travels farther up the Chesapeake
to Baltimore
- US had Fort McHenry protecting the harbor and the city of Baltimore
- The British come and bombard Fort McHenry
- Francis Scott Key was on a ship negotiating the release of a prisoner and
the British said they wouldn’t let him leave until after the Battle of Fort
McHenry
- He witnessed the entire battle and saw that the American flag was
still there and they had not surrendered
- Wrote “The Defense at Fort M’Henry” that would later become
our national anthem
- Afterwards, the British had to sail out and Baltimore was saved
- Treaty of Ghent (1814)
- Czar of Russia says he wants to meet in Ghent, Belgium, to host a treaty in
1814
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