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Genetics Brooker summary chapter 11 - DNA replication

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These summaries (in English and provided with many supporting figures from the book) will help you to obtain a great grade for the course 'Genetics' in the first year of Biomedical Sciences at the VU. With learning al my summaries and lecture notes (see my other documents), I finished this course w...

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Genetics summary – VU BMS 2020/2021
Simone Zweers
Reference: Brooker, Genetics: Analysis and prinicples, 7 th edition

Chapter 11: DNA replication




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, Genetics summary – VU BMS 2020/2021
Simone Zweers
Reference: Brooker, Genetics: Analysis and prinicples, 7 th edition

11.1: Structural overview of DNA replication

- DNA-replication is the process in which DNA is copied

Existing DNA strands act as template for the synthesis of new strands

- Two DNA strands come apart and serve as template (parental) strands
- Double helix separates  nucleotides have access  hydrogen bonding
between the template strand and the nucleotides. Covalent bond is formed
between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the previous
nucleotide
- Two new daughter strands, both retain the same information as the original
DNA double helix

Experiment 11A

- Three different mechanisms to explain the end result of DNA replication
o Conservative model: the strands remain together
o Semiconservative model: double-stranded DNA is half conserved
o Dispersive model: parental and new DNA interspersed in both strands
- Nog verder!


11.2: Bacterial DNA replication: the formation of two
replication forks at the origin of replication

Bacterial chromosomes contain a single origin of replication

- DNA synthesis starts at the origin of replication 
proceeds in both directions (bidirectionally) around the
bacterial chromosome
- Two replication forks move in opposite directions

Replication is initiated by the binding of DnaA proteins to the
origin of replication

- Origin of replication in E.Colli  three types of DNA sequences are
found in the origin of replication: AT-rich region, DnaA box
sequences and GATC methylation sites
- DnaA proteins bind to sequences within the origin of replication
(DnaA boxes)  bind to the five DnaA boxes to initiate DNA
replication. They bind to each other to form a complex
- Other DNA-binding proteins (HU, IHF) cause the DNA to bend
around the complex  separation of the strands at the AT-rich
region (only two hydrogen bonds)
- DnaA and DnaC proteins recruit DNA helicase to this site  breaks the
hydrogen bonds between the two strands
- Energy from ATP hydrolysis to catalyse the separation of the double-stranded
DNA and travel along the DNA in a 5’ to 3’ direction
- Bidirectional replication
- GATC methylation sites in the origin of replication are involved with regulation
DNA replication  these sites are methylated by the enzyme Dam
- Before replication, GATC sites are methylated in both strands  facilitates the
initiation of DNA replication at the origin. The new strands are not methylated
- Replication starts only after the methylation

11.3: Bacterial DNA replication: synthesis of new DNA strands

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