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APUNTES 1ª EVALUACIÓN FYQCAMBIO DE ESTADO O REACCIÓN QUÍMICA
C. Físico:
- cambia el estado
- mezclas
C. químico:
- se reordenan los átomos de los reactivos > productos.
TEMA 1
Magnitudes derivadas:
son las que se pueden expresar a partir de fundamentales (superficie, volumen, velocidad...)
Sistema internacional de unidades
MAGNITUD FÍSICA SÍMBOLO UNIDAD SÍMBOLO DE UNIDAD
Longitud L metro m
Masa m kilogramo kg
Tiempo t segundo s
temp. Absoluta T kelvin k
Intensidad cte I amperio A
Cantidad de sust n mol mol
Intensidad lum Iv candela cd
Magnitudes escalares Magnitudes vectoriales
Se definen mediante un nº. Requieren un número, dirección.
EJ: distancia, tiempo... EJ: desplazamiento, velocidad...
Configuración electrónica: Número atómico (Z): Es el número de protones.
1s2 Número másico (A): Es la suma de protones y
2s2 2p6 neutrones. X
3s2 3p6 3d10 Isótopos: átomos del mismo elemento con
4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 mismo número atómico y distinto número de
5s2 5p6 5d10 neutrones.
6s2 6p6 Iones negativos: captan electrones = aniones
7s2 Iones positivos: ceden electrones = cationes
Máximo nº de electrones de una capa = 2(n2)
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