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Summary Unit 14 - Lifestyle Factors
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Lifestyle FactorsPhysical Activity Recommendations
Exercise is physical activity that is planned, structured and repetitive for the purpose of
conditioning any part of the body. Physical exercise is activity performed in order to develop
or maintain physical fitness. Adults should be getting roughly 150 minutes per week of
moderate exercise such as walking, cycling or swimming whereas children should aim for 60
minutes of aerobic exercise per day. Physical activity results in different types of benefits
which are put into categories such as physical, social, psychological and economic benefits.
Physical benefits: strengthens bones; improves cardio fitness; improves body fat and burns
fat; relieves stress; and improves posture.
Social benefits: encourages connectedness; enhances self confidence; reduces isolation;
improves self esteem; and improves social skills.
Psychological benefits; Improves concentration; reduces depression; improved self esteem
and body image; improves mood; relieves stress; and reduces anxiety.
Economic benefits: reduces health costs; creates employment; supports local businesses;
reduces absenteeism; and enhances productivity.
Smoking health risks
Smoking can cause multiple risks such as coronary heart disease, cancer and lung
infections. Cigarettes contain products such as nicotine and tar. NIcotine stimulates the
central nervous system and increases both heart rate and blood pressure. Tar is a mixture of
chemicals which increases the likelihood of getting cancer and depots in the respiratory
system as it is absorbed by the bronchioles.
Smoking will affect performance in sport as it reduces lung capacity and shortness of breath
which is essential in a game of sport like football. As stamina is a main attribute a player
needs in a game, having shortness of breath and a reduced lung capacity will reduce the
chances of playing at a high intensity for the duration of 90 minutes.
More than 1,000 people in the USA die each day from smoking related illness. Smoking is
one of the biggest factors of death above AIDS, fires, car accidents, drugs and alcohol. It
kills around 115,000 people each year in the UK.
Alcohol recommendations and guidelines risks associated with excessive drinking
Excessive drinking includes binge drinking and heavy drinking. Binge drinking is very
common which for a woman is 4 drinks in one day or for men 5 drinks in one day. Heavy
drinking is measured in drinks per week, for women it is 8 or more and for men it is 15 or
more. The recommendation for women is 1 a day and for men it is 2 drinks a day. People
drink for social reasons, to forget problems and to feel at ease and relax.
Short term effects:
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