Samenvatting van de soorten gesteenten. Stollingsgesteenten, sedimentaire gesteenten en metamorfe gesteenten. De classificatie, ontstaan, samenstelling, etc.
, 5) Magma
= gesmolten korst/mantelmateriaal (asthenosfeer)
Water + gassen zorgen voor verlaging smeltpunt gesteenten (zie subductiezones)
a) Temperatuur:
Partiële smelting
-> magma met andere samenstelling dan uitgangsgesteente
b) Druk:
Smelten door decompressie
Heet vast gest. smelt door plots drukverlies; oa mid-oceanische ruggen
c) Gassen:
Verlagen smeltpunt; oa subductiezones
d) Hot spot:
Magma welt op midden in lithosfeer mantelpluim
Lithosfeer kan barsten, magma vloeit uit als vloedbasalt
5.1 uitkristallisatie v magma + magma differentiatie
Magma kristalliseert uit over temperatuursinterval
Reeks van Bowen: 1 reactiereeks, volgens 2 reeksen: mafische en felsische
Magmatische differentiatie: gesteenten smelten adhv partiële smelting, waardoor magma andere samenstelling heeft dan
het moedergesteente
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