Summary
Verebrate structure practical summary
- Course
- Institution
This document consists of different drawings made during the practical of vertebrate and structures
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
daphnexxvs
Content preview
PRACTICAL SUMMARYPRACTICAL PM1 LECTURE
Primary function of the pharynx in Chordates
Filtering feeding (no respiratory structures)
• Gill bars and gill slits
• Cilia conduct the flow of water
• Endostyl for mucus production (exocrine) (1)
• Epipharyngeal groove (2)
Secondary function of the pharynx
Transportation of water and food: GI-tract & respiration
• Gill septa with internal gill rakers (protection and sometimes filter feeding)
• Respiratory epithelium (gill filaments and lamellae)
• Muscles regulate flow of water
• Thyroid (endocrine) is homologous with endostyl (exocrine)
Tertiary function of the pharynx
Mammals (Amniotes)
Part of the digestive & respiratory system, involved in sound transmission.
• Different pharynx regions and the first tracheal rings
• Auditory ossicles
• Muscles attached to the various elements
Neurons in vertebrates
,Positions of spinal nerves (Kardong 16.19)
Spinal nerves in the sea lamprey (Kardong 16.19)
Chordate characteristics in this picture:
Notochord
Dorsal nerve cord
Post-anal tail
(The picture doesn’t show other chordate
characteristics like pharyngeal slits & endostyle /
thyroid)
Vertebrate characteristics in this picture:
Arcualia / vertebrae
Epidermis, dermis
(The picture doesn’t show the braincase,
tripartite
brain, muscular pharynx, endocrin system, duplication of the HOX-genes and ventral heart).
MORPHOLOGY OF THE LAMPREY: PM2
The brain of the lamprey is smaller than most other vertebrates. The fore brain region (telecephalon), associated with smell, and
the mid-brain region(mesencephalon, associated with vision, are well developed. However, the cerebellum and the hind brain,
associated with taste and acousticolateral systems, are both small. The medulla oblongata is one of the largest brain regions as it
is associated with the trigeminal nerve, which controls the extensive musculature associated with sucking. The eye has a dermal
and a scleral cornea. A lamprey accommodates to a more distant object by contracting a corneal muscle, that pulls the corne
inward and pushes the lens back.
,Venous system larval lamprey dorsal
view
Ammocoetes; oblique horizontal section, detail head
Ammocoetes; oblique horizontal section
, Even though the respiratory water flows in and out through the same gill slit in adult lamprey, there might still be unidirectional
flow over the gills and a counter current principle in place with respect to blood flow. The contraction of the gill basket is
achieved through muscle activity: the relazation by the elasticity of the cartilaginous elements.
The ammocoetes is a filter feeder . the fine organic mater extracted from the stream of water is pumped through the pharynx by
the muscular velum. Fine food particles are selectively captured in the mucus lining the parabranchial pouches nect to the
pharyngeal arches using a mucus gland. The endostyle similar to that in amphioxus.
What is the relation between hypophyseal pouch and the adenohypophysis?
How does the configuration of nerve fiber bundles in the spinal cord differ by higher vertebrates.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller daphnexxvs. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.94. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now