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1st year master notes - Emotional Response - Behavioural neurosciences - Biomedical sciences $8.67   Add to cart

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1st year master notes - Emotional Response - Behavioural neurosciences - Biomedical sciences

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Notes from the lecture of prof. Debby Van Dam regarding emotional responses. It describes the role of brain, amygdala, pre -frontal cortex in emotional expression. How emotions are understood and translated in the brain and many more.

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  • March 12, 2021
  • 31
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Prof. debby van dam
  • Emotional response
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EMOTIONAL RESPONSE
Behavioural Neuroscience Notes

, EMOTIONS AS RESPONSE PATTERNS

Components of Emotional Response

An emotional response consists of three types of components:

- Behavioural

- Autonomic

- Hormonal

Behavioural component -> consists of muscular movements that are appropriate

to the situation that elicits them. For example, a dog defending its territory

against an intruder = the dog adopts aggressive posture, growls, and shows its

teeth. However, it varies between the species. What looks like a smile does not

represent the same underlying emotion in all species:

- A chimp – has a smile that looks like human (showing all teeth) = sign of

negative emotion

- A chimps smile = top teeth covered! Whereas in humans lower teeth are

covered while smiling and all teeth are showing when angry.




Autonomic component -> it facilitates the behaviours and provide quick

mobilization of energy for vigorous movement. In this example the activity of

the sympathetic branch increases while that of the parasympathetic branch

decreases. As a consequence, the animal’s heart rate increases, vasodilation

,occurs, and the blood vessels move the circulation from the digestive organs

towards muscles => in other words Flight or Fight response is triggered.




Hormonal component -> hormonal responses reinforce the autonomic responses.

The hormones secreted by adrenal medulla – epinephrine and norepinephrine.

These hormones further increase blood flow to the muscles and causes nutrients

stored in muscles to be converted into glucose.

, Feeling as 4th factor -> it is believed that in humans there is a 4th factor present

= feeling associated with an emotional response. We know about that because we

are able to communicate this to each other. Factor 1-3 can be measured and

observed also in non-humans but not the 4th factor. There is an example of a

gorilla named Koko which have learned many hand signs – but it is still a debate

whether it was indeed induced or because she responded with hand signs due to

operant conditioning:

- Clever Hans effect – clever Hans was a horse that was claimed to have

performed arithmetic and other intellectual tasks. It was later explained

by a simple behavioural responses to subtle cues provided by his handler.

Clever Hans effect refers to the danger of unintentional cueing of the

desired behaviour by the questioner if experiments are not carefully

designed.

NEUROANATOMY OF EMOTIONS + LIMBIC SYSTEM

Decorticate Rage

Decorticate rage refers to rage induced emotion due to removal of cortex in

dogs. These dogs showed much more aggressive behaviour in response to routine

handling. It was then concluded that cerebral cortex is responsible for inhibition

of these emotional responses.

Papez Circuit

Papez circuit is already known for its function in memory. Papez noticed that

heightened aggression in cats with rabies correlated with the damage to the

hippocampus. Based on this and other human studies he proposed the subcortical

circuit. The circuit connects the hypothalamus and the cortex and acts as the

emotional system of the brain.

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