This document contains extensive notes, including images, of all lectures of the course Psychopharmacology and Psychopathology. The book used in this course is the fourth edition of Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology.
COMPLETE TEST BANK FOR STAHL'S ESSENTIAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: NEUROSCIENTIFIC BASIS AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 4TH EDITION BY STEPHEN M. STAHL (AUTHOR), NANCY MUNTNER (ILLUSTRATOR)| ALL CHAPTERS INCLUD...
Test Bank For Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications 5th Edition | Complete Guide 2024
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Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
Psychologie
Psychopharmacoloy And Psychopathology
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Lecture 1 – Cartoonology
Psychologists are allowed to prescribe drugs in five states in USA;
-> new mexico
-> louisiana
-> illinois
-> iowa
-> idaho
→ but only when they have;
-> PhD
-> special postgrad training
-> licence to practise idependently
Psychologists know a person very well, because they see them a lot.
Psychiatrists doesn’t know a person very well, beause they don’t see them a lot.
-> so why is it that only psychiatrist can prescribe drugs?
When a drug is forbidden, it doesn’t mean it’s dangerous. It’s just not evaluated enough.
LSD
Canabis (pot)
-> can we use this as a cure for psychiatric
symptoms?
Smoking canabis can increase depression and
psychosis. It also can decreace IQ.
CBD;
-> claimed to help against fear, stress, pain,
anxiety, excema, sleeplessnes, cancer, enz.
-> evidence it helps for Dravet Syndrome
Schizofrenia
Smoking pot: cause of schizofrenia or self-medication?
Drug development
Why aren’t antidepressants getting any better?
Why are drugs so expensive?
,Ritalin helps you focus;
-> by blocking the dopamine transporters
Function nervous system: interaction between
chemical and electrical activity of assemblies
of neurons
-> nervous system = chemical
-> using EEG = electrical
Neurons, dendrites and axons make circuits;
-> interregional
-> local
-> micro
→ the connectivity of our neurons makes humans unique, the circuits
Dendritic spines are morphological correlate of glutamatergic synapses in excitatory neurons.
Dendritic input;
-> spine: excitatory (glutamate)
-> no spine: inhibitory (GABA)
-> axonal output can be excitatory or inhibitory
Pruton (the end of an axon)
Freefloating membrane proteins
-> receptors floades in the membrane
-> proteins holds them together
-> response system
Volume transmission: monoamine autoreceptors
-> autoreceptors bind ligands that are released by that same neuron
-> function: feedback mechanism to regulate neurotransmitter synthesis and/or release
-> usualy inhibitory
Retrograde neurotransmission
-> endocannabinoid (endogenous marijuana): bind to presynaptic receptors and inhibit
synapse
-> nitric oxide: t cGMP sensitive targets (2nd messenger system)
-> neurotrophic factors (NGF): all the way to the cell nuclues, modulating gene expression
-> dopamine
-> amino acids
-> glutamate
-> GABA
→ these are the most investigated ones
The discovery of neurotransmitters:
The neuron is a chemical factory
-> many neuronal components
-> all with specific functions
-> major actual targets for psychopharmaca are synaptic
Lecture 2 – Modes of communication
Transport through the blood might be seen as volume conduction.
Neurotransmitters aren’t the whole chemical story
In the brain, every cell is different
-> makes it complicated
In the lever, every cell is kind of the same
Fast chemical communication; needs fast transport not
only in synapses, also in the other parts of the neuron
All chemicals are potential targets for psychopharmaca
, The agonist-antagonist story
-> neurotransmitters fit on receptors like a key in a lock
Acetylcholine (Ach) is the key
-> in the brain and the periphery on 2 different receptors:
-> nicotinic-receptors
-> excitatory
-> ion channels
-> at the neuromuscular junction
-> agonist
-> curare = antagonist
-> muscarinic-receptors
-> G-protein
-> linked receptors
-> agonist
-> atropine = antagonist
-> ACh is the neurotransmitter of the autonomic NS
Antagonist = freezing receptor > doing nothing
Agonist = fully making the receptor active
Partial agonist = is doing a little bit (more gentle)
Inverse agonist = opposite of agonist
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