LSTD 204 FINALS EXAM

Question 1 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points By most accounts __________has slipped away on the Supreme Court. Between approximately 1930 and 1960, the percentage of cases with at least one dissenting opinion increased around 10 percent to approximately 70 percent. concensus Answer Key: consensus Comment: You got full credit. Question 2 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The main actors in the federal judiciary are the men and women who serve as __________ . A.judges B.defense attorneys C.prosecutors D.jurors Answer Key: A Question 3 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Several early twentieth century crime commission reports led to what has been called the __________ of criminal justice. Most members of those commissions were reformers who sought to remove corruption and political favoritism from the criminal process. A.Judicial cleansing era B.progressive era C.anti-corruption era D.reformer era Answer Key: B Question 4 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The __________ is the chief local prosecutor at the county level.. A.District Attorney B.U.S. Attorney General C.General Prosecutor D.Solicitor General Answer Key: A Question 5 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The history of criminal defense can be traced back to __________. A.the 1900s B.ancient Rome C.ancient Greece D.early colonial America Answer Key: B Question 6 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Instructors at Harvard used the __________ method of teaching, a confrontational approach which is intended to improve student's critical thinking in order to present the cases. Socratic Answer Key: Socratic Question 7 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points On the whole most offenses are committed by people __________ . A.20-25 B.30-35 C.40 or older D.18 or younger Answer Key: C Question 8 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points __________ dealt with the admissibility at the defendant's trial of the out-of-court statements made by a four-year-old girl. The Supreme Court held that the Confrontation Clause was not violated in this instance. A.Florida v. Nixon B.Betts v. Brady C.White v. Illinois D.Ake v. Oklahoma Answer Key: C Question 9 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points If a defendant is present but refuses to take the stand to testify, as is guaranteed by the __________ __________ , the jury may conclude that the defendant has something to hide Fifth Amendment Answer Key: Fifth Amendment Question 10 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Improperly obtained confessions are not admissible. True False Answer Key: True Question 11 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The __________ Amendment requires that defense counsel be effective during the plea negotiation process. Sixth Answer Key: Sixth Question 12 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points In __________, the Court upheld that a prosecutor may file additional charges if an initial expectation that the defendant would plead guilty to a lesser charge proved unfounded. A.Bordenkircher v. Hayes B.Brady v. United States C.Edwards v. People D.United States v. Goodwin Answer Key: D Question 13 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points _____ evidence refers to what someone says, usually someone who is under oath and giving testimony in a trial Testimonial Answer Key: Testimonial Question 14 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Day fines were introduced by __________ in the 1920s. A.Great Britian B.the United States C.West Germany D.Sweden Answer Key: D Question 15 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points __________ __________ claim to be able to identify, based on various demographic and behavioral characteristics, how prospective jurors will decide. Jury Consultants Answer Key: Jury consultants Question 16 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Once a mistrial is declared, the defendant cannot be tried again. True False Answer Key: False Question 17 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points According tot he Constitution, convictions can be challenged via a writ of __________ . A.habeus corpus B.corpus delicti C.mens rea D.actus reus Answer Key: A Question 18 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Sentencing for the purpose of _____ amounts to removing criminals from society so they cannot repeat their criminal activity. incapacitation Answer Key: incapacitation Question 19 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The __________ has four layers: celebrated cases, serious felonies, not-so-serious felonies and misdemeanors. A.Wedding Cake Model B.rush to judgment C.Layers of Justice Model D.Staggered Model Answer Key: A Question 20 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points There is a wealth of evidence that prosecutors have used their __________ __________ to screen out prospective minority jurors from the trials of minority defendants. peremptory challenges Answer Key: peremptory challenges Question 21 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Reasons for __________ __________ include duress, coercion, intoxication, diminished capacity and mental impairment wrongful convictions Answer Key: wrongful convictions Question 22 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points __________ is a creative judicially imposed punishment that seeks to deter crime by imposing embarrassment or disgrace on an offender. Shaming Answer Key: Shaming Question 23 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points In the __________ DNA testing entered the mainstream. A.1960s B.1990s C.1970s D.1980s Answer Key: D Question 24 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Arbitration is governed by both federal and state laws. True False Answer Key: True Question 25 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The alternative for the conventional process for obtaining testimony from a witness for use in court at a later date. A.online deposition B.electronic filing C.electronic discovery D.deposition Answer Key: A Question 26 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Some examples of _________ __________ include dumpster diving, skimming, and pretext calling. identity theft Answer Key: identity theft Question 27 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points The juvenile justice system is starting to look more like the adult criminal justice system. True False Answer Key: True Question 28 of 30 2.5/ 2.5 Points Wikipedia has been widely recognized as an authoritative source on which to base a legal decision. True False Answer Key: False