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Summary Unit 2 - Diverse Places Notes
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Diverse PlacesPopulation
Population structure
Overall, the population of the UK has grown over the last 50 years. Fluctuations include
the 1950/60s baby boom, the 1967 Abortion Act & the 2004 introduction of Eastern
European countries to the EU.
The north of England’s population (especially the North East) is growing slower than the
south (London). E.g. Newham has 8672 people per km² where as North Yorkshire has
68km².
Population change may occur due to natural change (birth and death rates) or due to
net migration (immigration and emigration. Net migration can change relatively quickly
however natural change happens over a much longer period of time.
The dependency ratio
%
% under 15+
65
×100
% between 16∧64
Countries that have a high dependency ratio have more people who are not at work &
therefore relying on people of working age paying taxes to support them. The higher the
number the more people that need looking after.
The Demographic transition model
, Image from: https://sites.google.com/site/populationchange/demographic-transition-model
Population Variations
The population pyramid of a place may vary depending on its location. For example,
Barra, Scotland which has long experienced depopulation due its rural status & poor
economic prospects has a population pyramid with a high base and top, showing many
families & retired people live here but few economically active people.
On the other hand however, Dar-es-Salaam has a very wide middle on its pyramid due to
many people migrating there to work. It also has a wide base as many of these workers
are of child baring age. There are fewer women than men here as more often men
migrate for work.
Another example is China which has a gender imbalance due to the One Child Policy
which meant people favoured having boys rather than girls.
Regional & national influences
Identity
Identity is a sense of belonging to a group or geographical area where there is the same
generic character, or a similarity of distinguishing character or personality.
Centripetal forces are factors which draw people together or to a place. Commonalities
& a shared identity. An example of these at work was the textile mills & sense of
community in Morley & Dewsbury.
Centrifugal forces are factors which have driven communities apart or make people
want to leave. An example of these is deindustrialisation caused by globalisation in
Morley & Dewsbury.
Multiculturalism
A place is multicultural when people of different nations, religions & skin colour settle
together.
A place may be either mixophobic (keeping races apart) or mixophilic (encouraging them
to be together).
Mixophobic engagement includes genocide, ethnic cleansing, separation & tight
control.
Mixophilic engagement includes assimilation, transculturation (when over assimiliation
leads to loss of culture), pluralism, hybridity (when different groups participate &
contribute to their host country to produce something new) & spatial segregation
(when pluralism evolves into cultural groups which lead separate lives, i.e. ethnic
enclaves).
Social clustering/ethnic enclaves are when people have a preference to live with other
they associate with. The causes of ethnic enclaves include, pre existing communities (so
family ties), good access to employment, the availability of speciality food shops, being
near a place of worship, ethnic/racial tensions or cheap housing.
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