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New Media Challenges summary
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New Media ChallengesLiteratuur
Handig is om de “abstract” of “introduction”, conclusion and discussion te lezen. Het is handig dat je voor aanvang
van de les begrijpt waar de artikelen over gaat. 9 vd 10 keer belicht een docent aspecten uit een artikel tijdens de
les (deze zijn vaak het belangrijkst en komen terug op het tentamen). Dus is handig om op basis van die
aspecten/belangrijke punten van hoorcolleges je samenvatting te maken en de bijzaken in de artikelen als
aanvulling te gebruiken.
Beste is dus:
- Artikelen globaal lezen vóór de les (abstract/introduction, conclusion, discussion)
- Aantekeningen/samenvatting maken tijdens de les
- Genoemde punten in de les zoeken in artikel en aantekeningen na de les aanvullen met informatie
uit artikelen.
Inhoudsopgave
Literatuur ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Week 1 Lecture 1 – 02-02-’21 | New Media Challenges vs New media Challenges .......................................... 7
Changes in the Media Landscape ....................................................................................................................... 7
Trends in media and media-use ......................................................................................................................... 8
Week 1 Lecture 2 – 03-02-’21 | Technological Determinism or Social Construction of Technology. Do we
control (media) technology, or does it control us?.........................................................................................11
Technological Determinism vs Social Construction of Technology ................................................................... 11
Technological Determinism - The power of technology .............................................................................. 11
Criticism on technological determinism ...................................................................................................... 12
The format of newspaper articles ................................................................................................................ 12
The success of the bicycle ............................................................................................................................ 13
Social construction of technology (SCOT) ......................................................................................................... 14
Mobile devices and SCOT ............................................................................................................................. 15
Article: Ch@ange – The impact of the internet on society: a global perspective by Manuel Castells. ........ 16
(Internet) Technology as material culture ................................................................................................... 16
Week 1 Lecture 3 – 04-02-’21 | Always on: Multitasking and performance....................................................18
Media multitasking .......................................................................................................................................... 18
What is media multitasking?........................................................................................................................ 18
Who does media multitasking?.................................................................................................................... 19
Why do we multitask? ................................................................................................................................. 19
When do we multitask? ............................................................................................................................... 19
Effects on everyday multitasking upon learning .......................................................................................... 20
Article: Media multitasking in adolescence – Cain et all. (2016) ...................................................................... 20
1
, The conclusions that they found:................................................................................................................. 21
Week 2 Lecture 4 – 9-02-’21 | Introduction to Privacy ...................................................................................23
Westin (1967): Privacy definitions .................................................................................................................... 23
Westin: Four purposes of privacy (the goals/the why’s) ............................................................................. 24
Westin: Four states of privacy (the how) ..................................................................................................... 24
Altman (1975): Privacy definitions ................................................................................................................... 25
Altman: five elements of privacy ................................................................................................................. 25
Petronio (2002): Privacy definitions ................................................................................................................. 26
Petrionio (2002): Five propositions .............................................................................................................. 27
Theories of information sharing ....................................................................................................................... 27
From physical privacy to information privacy .............................................................................................. 27
The trade-off of information sharing ........................................................................................................... 27
Shared with whom? ..................................................................................................................................... 28
Addressing the audience .................................................................................................................................. 28
Self-disclosure & the audience..................................................................................................................... 28
Functional theory of self-disclosure (Bazarova & Choi, 2014) ..................................................................... 29
A summary of goals (Bazarova & Choi, 2014) .............................................................................................. 29
Social Network Site affordances: different communication types .............................................................. 30
SNS affordances: the context collapse ......................................................................................................... 30
Week 2 Lecture 5 – 10-02-’21 | Personalization, Privacy and Paradoxes ........................................................32
Privacy & Paradoxes ......................................................................................................................................... 32
From trade-off to calculus............................................................................................................................ 32
Attitudes vs concerns ................................................................................................................................... 33
Attitude-behavior GAP ................................................................................................................................. 33
Article: Dienlin & Trepte, 2015 ......................................................................................................................... 34
Direct and indirect relationships – difference between Mediation and Moderation........................................ 34
Hypotheses .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 35
What does this mean for the privacy paradox? ........................................................................................... 36
Why does users keep sharing ...................................................................................................................... 36
Privacy Fatigue ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Article: approaching privacy fatigue ................................................................................................................ 37
Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 38
Personalization & Surveillance ......................................................................................................................... 38
Private data as currency............................................................................................................................... 38
Sharing more than information ................................................................................................................... 39
Week 3 Lecture 6 – 16-02-’21 | Connecting the dots: The real data revolution of turning big data into
knowledge ....................................................................................................................................................41
Democratic backlash of the Digital Revolution................................................................................................. 41
How the internet changed the political world .................................................................................................. 41
2
, Tracing, tracking and identification technologies ............................................................................................ 41
The power of e-technology ............................................................................................................................... 42
Psychographic profiling and behavioral micro-targeting ................................................................................. 42
The Big Five Personality Traits Model (1950s-1990s) ....................................................................................... 43
Computational propaganda (Risso, 2018) ........................................................................................................ 44
Article: Psychographic profiling and behavioral micro-targeting (Risso, 2017) ............................................... 44
Article: Can Democracy Survive the Internet? by Persily (2017) ....................................................................... 45
Effects on democracy and freedom ............................................................................................................. 46
The Dark Side Of The Internet...................................................................................................................... 48
Week 3 Lecture 7 – 17-02-’21 | New media and political campaigning: effects on parties and voters ............49
New media ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
Life cycle voting ................................................................................................................................................ 50
Economic anxieties and racism......................................................................................................................... 51
Article; The malaise of the squeezed middle: Challenging the narrative of the ‘left behind’ Brexiter –
Antonucci, Horvarth, Kutiyski, Krouwel ............................................................................................................ 51
Britten’s hidden divide: Anywheres vs Somewheres ......................................................................................... 52
Ascribed versus Achieved identity ............................................................................................................... 53
Article; 6 strategic political communication in election campaigns – Strömbäck and Kiousis ......................... 54
Americanisation................................................................................................................................................ 55
Professionalisation of campaigning ................................................................................................................. 56
Modernisation theory .................................................................................................................................. 56
Party re-alignment and electoral volatility .................................................................................................. 57
Week 3 Lecture 8 – 18-02-’21 | Learning from fake news: Political satire and parody online .........................58
The rise of fake news ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Type of fake news in academic literature ......................................................................................................... 58
Article; Vargo, Guo & Amazeen (2018): Misinformation .................................................................................. 59
Satire vs. Misinformation ................................................................................................................................. 60
Article; Becker & Bode (2018)........................................................................................................................... 60
Article; Waisanen (2018) .................................................................................................................................. 61
Week 4 Lecture 9 – 23-02-’21 | The internet as the domain of extremism and conspiracy belief (André
Krouwel) .......................................................................................................................................................63
Article; Polarization, Partisanship and Junk News Consumption over Social Media in the US – Narayanan et
all. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63
Group links........................................................................................................................................................ 64
“Cripped epistemology” of extremism (Hardin, 2002)...................................................................................... 65
Conspiracy belief and political extremism ........................................................................................................ 66
3
, Article; Political extremism and distrust – Kutiyski, Krouwel, Prooijen ....................................................... 66
Political Extremism predicts Belief in Conspiracy Theories – Proojen, Krouwel and Pollet ......................... 67
Political orientation and conspiracy belief ................................................................................................... 70
Article; Fear Among the Extremes: How Political Ideology Predicts Negative Emotions and Outgroup
Derogation – Prooijen, Krouwel, Boiten, Eendebak .......................................................................................... 71
Economic fear/anxiety. 13 items (alpha = .87) ............................................................................................ 71
Article; Extreme political beliefs predict dogmatic intolerance – Prooijen, Krouwel ........................................ 72
Study 1 – N= 409, Germany and the Netherlands non-probability sample. 6 items (alpha = .77) .............. 72
Study 2 - N = 479, Crowdflower ................................................................................................................... 72
Study 3 – n = 188, Crowdflower experiment ............................................................................................... 72
Anti-establishment voting ................................................................................................................................ 73
Week 4 Lecture 10 – 24-02-’21 | Extremism, populism and political (mis)information (André Krouwel) ........74
Article; Populism, extremism and media: Mapping an uncertain terrain – Alvares, Dahlgren ........................ 74
Anti-elite mobilization; Populism ................................................................................................................. 74
Illiberalism and anti-elite sentiments .......................................................................................................... 74
Populism ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Populism, extremism and media.................................................................................................................. 75
Mediated Populism........................................................................................................................................... 75
Economic nativism ............................................................................................................................................ 78
Danger of ‘de-institutionalizing’ politics ........................................................................................................... 79
Book; The new European order? Euroscepticsm and conspiracy belief – Krouwel and Prooijen ...................... 80
Populism and authoritarianism ........................................................................................................................ 81
Week 5 Lecture 11 – 2-03-’21 | A Network Economy: Online Business Models in the Age of Information
(Philipp Masur) .............................................................................................................................................82
Introduction: the age of information ................................................................................................................ 82
Networks, networks, networks ......................................................................................................................... 82
Article; the atanomy of a large scale hypertextual Web search enging – Brin, Page (1998) ....................... 85
Characteristiscs of social media and e-commerce environments ..................................................................... 85
Why did certain platforms become central and others did not? ...................................................................... 86
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 90
Week 5 Lecture 12 – 3-03-’21| eProfiling and ePersuasion (Philipp Masur) ...................................................91
Introduction: Are we manipulated when we use the Internet? ........................................................................ 91
Understanding persuasion processes ............................................................................................................... 91
ePersuasion & eProfiling .................................................................................................................................. 92
Some empirical findings ................................................................................................................................... 92
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 96
Week 5 Lecture 13 – 4-03-’21 | Social contagion on social media: How behaviors may spread across online
networks (Philipp Masur) ..............................................................................................................................97
4
, Introduction: Conformity and swarm behavior ................................................................................................ 97
Social influence and social norms ..................................................................................................................... 97
Article; an explanation of social norms, 2005 .................................................................................................. 97
Behavioral contagion on social media.............................................................................................................. 98
Emotional contagion on social media ............................................................................................................ 102
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 103
Week 6 Lecture 14 – 9-03-’21 | Media literacy and digital citizenship (Philipp Masur) ................................. 104
Introduction: Media Literacy .......................................................................................................................... 104
What is media literacy? .................................................................................................................................. 104
Media literacy as buffering factor against negative effects? ......................................................................... 107
Alternative concept: Digital citizenship .......................................................................................................... 111
Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 112
Week 6 Lecture 15 – 10-03-’21 | Information processing and credibility in the age of internet (Martin Tanis)
................................................................................................................................................................... 113
Individual processing of media ....................................................................................................................... 113
Selective exposure .......................................................................................................................................... 113
Credibility heuristics: list of cognitive heuristics people used for this credibility evaluation .......................... 116
Credibility of online (fake) news - Study by daisy spuibroek & Matthijs warna.............................................. 117
Week 7 Lecture 16 – 16-03-’21 | Staying healthy in an online environment (Martin Tanis) .......................... 120
Health beliefs and online information ............................................................................................................ 120
Article; The curious case of cyberchondria (et Poel et al.) .............................................................................. 121
Article; Online social support Groups (Wright) ............................................................................................... 125
Week 7 Lecture 17 – 17-03-’21 | Correcting misinformation, striving for the (im)possible (Martin Tanis) .... 127
Misinformation, how is it spread? .................................................................................................................. 127
Why do we believe it?..................................................................................................................................... 127
Article; misinformation and its correction by Lewandowsky .......................................................................... 128
How can we successfully debunk this information? ....................................................................................... 129
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