Summary AQA A-Level Chemistry 3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
18 views 0 purchase
Course
Unit 3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry
Institution
AQA
Book
AQA Chemistry A Level Student Book
These are detailed Revision Notes for Topic 3.1 of AQA A-Level Chemistry (Introduction to Organic Chemistry). They were written by me using a combination of the textbook and class notes. I will also be uploading the other topics and creating bundles.
Topics Included:
- Carbon Compounds
- Nomenc...
AQA A-Level Chemistry 1.7 Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Reactions
All for this textbook (25)
Written for
A/AS Level
AQA
A Level Chemistry
Unit 3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry
All documents for this subject (40)
Seller
Follow
emilysarahjudge
Reviews received
Content preview
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
11.1 Carbon compounds
11.1 Carbon Compounds
- The chemistry of carbon compounds, organic means to 11.2 nomenclature – naming organic compounds
do with living things. 11.3 isomerism
- Carbon can form rings and long chains, which may be
branched.
- Carbon-carbon bonds are strong (347kJmol-1) and non-polar.
- Carbon-hydrogen bond is also very strong (413kJmol-1) and relatively non-polar.
- In all stable compounds carbon forms 4 covalent bonds and has 8 outer shell electrons.
- It can either:
o Form 4 single bonds e.g., methane
H
|
H C H
|
|
|
H
o Form 2 single bonds and one double bond e.g., ethene
H H
\ /
C C
/ \
||
H H
o Form 1 single bond and one triple bond e.g., ethyne
H C C H
|||
|
|
- Formula of carbon compounds:
o Empirical formula ~ a formula that shows the simplest ratio of the atoms of each
element present in a compound
o Molecular formula ~ the actual number of atoms of each element in the molecule.
o Displayed formula ~ shows every atom and every bond in the molecule.
o Structural formula ~ shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule, in a simplified form
without showing all the bonds. Each carbon is written separately, with atoms or groups
attached to it.
o Skeletal formula ~ C atoms aren’t drawn. Straight lines represent C-C bonds, carbon
atoms are assumed to be where the bonds meet, neither H atoms nor C-H bonds are
drawn (each carbon is assumed to make a total of 4 bonds). Also gives a rough idea of
bond angles.
o Three-dimensional structural formulae ~ shows 3D structure bonds coming out of the
paper show by wedges and bonds going into the page shown by dotted lines.
- Reaction Mechanisms
Curly Arrows
o You can often explain organic reactions by considering the movement of electrons.
o Electrons are negative so tend to move from areas of high electron density to more
positively charged areas.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emilysarahjudge. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.86. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
