, Section 1: Short questions
1. Define reliability and the different types thereof. Furthermore, elaborate on
the sources of error influencing reliability.
Reliability is defined as the measuring of the consistency with which the measuring
instruments measures. It is therefor important in research to ensure that the way
research is results are measured are consistent.
There are 4 forms of reliability:
• Test-retest reliability:
The same test is retested at different times with the same standardised
conditions and people. The result or outcome of the test needs to be the same
every time. It therefor represents stability over time, which is known as
coefficient of stability.
• Parallel or alternate form reliability:
Here the same results needs to be obtained from a similar test. When two or
more sets of results are obtained, they are correlated with each other to obtain
a coefficient of equivalence.
• Internal consistency:
This is used to find out if the test has a single focus. To do these different parts
of the measurement are correlated with other parts. This is known as the
coefficient of internal consistency.
• Inter-scorer or inter-rater reliability:
Two or more raters, observers or judges correlate and agree on what has been
observed to achieve reliability. This is mostly used in straight yes or no
circumstances, and not for questions that require interpretation.
Sources of error that influence reliability are:
• The assessment technique or measure:
If a test is constructed poorly, the results will not be reliable.
• The assessment processes:
There might be distractions that takes place during the assessment process
that could affect the candidate’s ability to perform, and therefor affects the
outcome of the assessment, for example loud noises
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