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Samenvatting History Of Science lectures + syllabus Week 1 -6
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Samenvatting History Of Science lectures + syllabus Week 1 -6
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Antiquity World before 1200- Diophantus (ca. 200 - ca. 284)
- Thales van Mylete (ca. 624 – ca. 548) (first mathematician)
- Plato
- Hippocrates of Chios (moons)
- Euclid - The Elements
- Archimedes,
- Apollonius
- Gerbert of Aurillac
- Saint Augustine
Scientific revolution
1200-1568 (hoofdstuk 2 boek)
- Roger Bacon (ca 1219 - 1292)
- Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
- Nicole Oresme (1330-1382)
- Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)
- Nicolo Tartaglia (1499-1557
- Robert Recorde (1512-1558) - The Whetstone of Witte
- Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) or Gerard Mercator (1512-1594), Fra Mauro
(mapmakers)
- Cardano (1501-1576) - boek Ars Magna (1545): general solution to third
degree equation with help of Tartaglia (1499-1557)
- Adam Riese - rule of coss (algebra) teacher abacus school
Belangrijk boek: Margarita Philosophica by the Freiburg monk Gregor Reisch. It was first
used in the 1490s and first published in 1503. (angels on cover: stressing the divine origin of
both man and the knowledge he may acquire)
Belangrijk boek: Liber Abaci (1202) by Fibonacci - werd gelezen in beide werelden van
mathematica
1568 - 1648 (hoofdstuk 3 boek)
- John Dee (1527 - 1608)
- Theodorus Graminaeus (ca. 1540-1596) astrologer
- Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) astrologer
- His student: Kepler (1571 - 1630) Boek: Astronomia Nova (1609)
- Henry Billingsley (1570)
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
- John Napier (1550 - 1617) published logarithm table
- Henry Briggs (1561-1630)
- Willem Bartjens
- Van Ceulen - Vanden Cirkel (1596) (mathematical practitioners)
, - Simon Stevin - Chain of marbles - De Thiende. (decimalen)
- Viete - In artem Analyticam Isagoge (1591)
- René Descartes - La Géométrie (1637), Discours de la Methode (1637)
Enlightenment
1648 - 1795
- Gerard de Lairesse (1640 - 1711)
- Bernard de Fontenelle (1657-1757)
- Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727) Cambridge, Royal Society - Philosophiae
Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687)
- Gravesande (1688 - 1742) Leyden uni
- Huygens (1629 - 1695) De ratiociniis in ludo aleae
- Frans van Schooten jr (1615 - 1660)
- Johan de Witt (1625 - 1672) also student of “ “ Elementa Curvarum Linearum
- Leibniz (1646 - 1717)
- George Berkeley (1685 - 1753)
- Euler (1707-1783)
- John Graunt (1620 - 1674) Bills of mortality
Nation state
1795-1848
- Gauss (1777 - 1855)
- Lacroix (1765 -1843)
- Peacock (1791 -1858)
- Babbage (1791-1871)
- Cauchy (1789 -1857)
- Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) : Théorie analytique de la chaleur. Propagation of
heat. Abel found exception in the proof.
- Riemann (1826-1866)
- de Gelder (1765-1848)
Professionalization
1848-1897
- George Boole (1815-1864) : mathematical view on logical thought. Boolean
algebra one of ways math purified more. Rigorization was looked for and
found in his abstraction.
, - Richard Dedekind (1831-1916): Principle of Dedekind cut - link between
continuity in geometry and the number line. It prompted more research into
the nature of numbers and (large) collections.
- Georg Cantor (1845-1918) ‘founder of Set theory’ - concept of infinity
- Felix Klein (1849 - 1925) : first to produce multi-year research program.
Non-euclidean geometry was consistent if euclidean geometry was.
- Charles Dodgson (1832-1898): opponent of new geometry. He found Euclid
still best as introduction to geometry. He thought probability theory was too
complicated. (like logical riddles)
- Edmond Laguerre (1834-1886), Gaston Darboux (1842-1917) and Henri
Poincaré (1854-1912) pointed out what their subject was about: definitions
and axioms.
- Charles Davies 1859 Intellectual Arithmetic , textbook designed to understand
the application of algorithms.
- Florence Nightingale (1820-1910): field of statistics became new
mathematical world.
- Hollerith (1860-1929): machine for sorting and tabulating the census.
- Mendeljev (1834-1907) -> periodic tables
- Maxwell (1831-1879) : descriptions of electromagnetism
- Hertz (1857-1894): mechanics.
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