Ancient Greek Philosophers Final Exam 2020

7/8/2020 Sophia :: Welcome UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 Score 22/25 You passed this Milestone 22 questions were answered correctly. 3 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 Which of the following statements about the atomistic worldview is FALSE? All reality is composed of atoms in a void. Atoms come in different shapes and sizes, and can exist in a number of ways. A philosophical atom is the same as a chemical atom. Everything that exists is either an atom or a collection of atoms. RATIONALE The atomists believed that everything that exists is either an atom, or a collection of atoms. They also believed that all matter and phenomena are the result of different configurations of atoms of different shapes and sizes. However, a philosophical atom is not the same as a chemical atom. To the atomists, a philosophical atom was an indivisible entity. Chemical atoms, as science has demonstrated, can be divided into smaller parts. CONCEPT The Atomistic Worldview 2 Recall the similarities and differences between Plato and Aristotle's philosophical approaches. 7/8/2020 Sophia :: Welcome Select the statement that would most likely have been made by Plato, rather than by Aristotle. “My ideas have served as a starting point for both philosophy and the physical sciences.” “I teach by example and I live by what I teach, no matter the consequences.” “My approach is scientific and empirical; we learn about truth from observation and discovery.” “In order to find truth, we must first identify what makes a thing what it is, its essence. RATIONALE Plato proposed the existence of essences in his doctrine of the Forms. As a result, it is more likely that he would have made this statement. As a rationalist philosopher, Plato believed that knowledge does not rely on human senses alone, and can be accessed through the existence of essences. The statements which involve science and empiricism are reflective of Aristotle's views. The statement about teaching and living by example is reflective of Socrates' philosophy. CONCEPT Aristotle: The Dissection of Reality 3 According to Socrates in the Phaedo, why might death be an advantage to the philosopher? In life, the Social Contract requires people to behave according to the needs and wants of others. Death is the ultimate distinction between knowledge and opinion. Only humans can seek knowledge and truth, but their ability to do so ends with death. Eyes, ears, and other bodily organs can distract one from the attainment of truth and knowledge. RATIONALE The Phaedo is a conversation between Socrates and his students about death. It takes place just before his execution. During this conversation, Socrates explains why philosophers should not fear death, which he defines 7/8/2020 Sophia :: Welcome as the end of the life of the body, but not of the soul. Socrates views the body as an impediment to the acquisition of wisdom and truth. Therefore, a philosopher may be able to find answers after death that cannot be found during life. CONCEPT The Phaedo: The Death of Socrates 4 “As a physicist, I see all elements as either connected by love or separated by conflict.” Which ancient philosopher would most likely have made this statement? Empedocles Anaxagoras Xenophanes Pythagoras RATIONALE Empedocles was a Pre-Socratic philosopher and physicist who believed that everything in the cosmos was made up of six metaphysical entities. He believed that, rather than beginning and ending, everything in the universe resulted from the continuous mixing and separation of these entities. Although Empedocles's ideas were informed by the Pythagorean doctrine of reincarnation, Pythagoras is not the correct answer because he was not a physicist. CONCEPT Cosmology and the First Philosophers 5 For Plato, the Forms are the __________ foundation of reality, which means that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of the Forms. ethical natural