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CTB1320 - Summary construction materials - part 1 $4.27
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CTB1320 - Summary construction materials - part 1

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This summary describes a large part of the fabric of construction materials for Construction Materials and Sustainability (CTB1320), for partial exam 1 (also to be used for integral test). Important concepts and graphs are taken into account, along with important formulas.

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  • March 30, 2021
  • 7
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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Electron configuration
Coulomb’s Law: allows us to quantify the force between the atomic nucleus (atoomkern) and the
electrons
- It comes down to the charges and the distance between the charges
𝑄 𝑄
𝐹=𝑘
𝑟
Ionization Energy: the amount of energy needed to pull the electron away
𝑄 𝑄
𝐸=𝑘
𝑟
Energy level of electrons
Electrons that you can put inside
2 6 10 14 Energy level
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f
6s 6p 6d 6f




Octet rule: you have to have 8 electrons in the outermost shell by interacting with other atoms

Addition of electron  increase radius
Dictate strength / melting point
Removal of electron  decreases radius

Radius anion (negative) > ration cation (positive) (compared to a neutral atom)

Types of intermolecular bonds
1. Hydrogen bonds
2. Dipole-dipole
3. London dispersion forces

Polarity: the condition where electrons of the molecule spend more time near the atom with higher
electronegativity

Covalent bonds
- Electron sharing

Metallic bonds
- Electron dispersion
- The electrons can move freely in a configuration knows as sea of electrons

Ionic bonds
- Electron transfer
- It has an electron donor and one electron acceptor atom

, Bonding energy curve
- Deeper energy well  higher melting temperature
 higher stiffness (higher E modulus when stiffer)
- Asymmetry curve  thermal expansion

Interatomic bonds
- Occur between individual atoms within a molecule

Intermolecular bonds
- Occur between two individual molecules

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