PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES
Acids Bases
- blue → red - red → blue
- low pH - high pH
- conductive (ions) - conductive (ions)
- react with metals - bitter
- sour
Neutral Ionic Neutral Molecular
- conductive if soluble - not conductive
- solid at room temp SATP - any state at SATP (s, l, g)
OLD VS MODIFIED ARRHENIUS:
ACIDS AND BASES
Old Modified
Acids Substance that ionizes to produce Acid that donates a proton
H+(aq) ions in solution. (hydrogen) to water to form
→ Any strong acids hydronium ion (H3O+)
Bases Substance that dissociates to Base that accepts the proton
produce OH-(aq) ions in solution (hydrogen) from water to form OH-
OLD VS MODIFIED ARRHENIUS:
WRITING EQUATIONS FOR ACIDS AND BASES
⭐︎Old: same steps as modified but does NOT involve H2O(water) or H3O(hydroxide)
● Acids
1. Write acid reacting with water to produce H3O+(aq)
, 2. Determine the other product → Acids lose a proton (H +)
Bases gain a proton (H-)
Examples → HCl(aq)
Old: HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Modified: HCl(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
→ H2SO4(aq) ~ sulfuric acid
Modified: H2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + HSO4-(aq)
● Bases
Examples → NH3(aq)
Modified: NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → OH-(aq) + NH4+(aq)
- water donates proton to base
→ NaHCO3(aq)
Modified: Ionic compound splits into ions: Na+ and HCO3-
HCO3-(aq) + H2O(l) → OH-(aq) + H2CO3
→ Strong acids and bases; complete reaction , dissociation
←→ Weak acids and bases; partial reaction, dynamic equilibrium
Example→ Old Arrhenius: CH3COOH(aq) → CH3COOH(aq)
Modified Arrhenius: CH3COOH(aq) ←→ CH3COOH(aq)
RULES FOR NAMING AND FORMULAS FOR ACIDS
● Rules
- Identify the acid by: Hydrogen or attached H+
- All acids are soluble in water: include (aq)
IUPAC Naming System (Compound Name) Classical Naming System (Acid Name)
Aqueous hydrogen _____ide = Hydro_____ic acid
Aqueous hydrogen _____ate = _____ic acid
⭐︎ negative polyatomic: ate → ic acid
Aqueous hydrogen _____ite = _____ous acid
⭐︎ negative polyatomic: ite → ous acid
USING MASS OF ACID/BASE TO CALCULATE:
CONCENTRATION, pH, pOH OF ACID/BASE
SIG DIG RULES FOR pH
pH/pOH [H3O+]/[OH-]
→ NO units, numbers only → Units: mol/L
→ Sig digs: right of the decimal → Sig digs: follow normal rules
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sunshinemartinez. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.