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Korean War Crisis Summary (IB History SL)
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Brief summary of the Korean War conflict during the Cold War. Examined from the framework of a crisis for the IB Diploma History SL exam.
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Korean War 1950—1953 LeadersPolicies, Events & Implications Harry Truman
Soviet troops entered and occupied north-eastern Korea in August, 12, 1945. Joseph Stalin
Korea was divided in two at the 38th parallel. The US occupied the southern part. Georgy Malenkov
From 1945 to 1948 North Koreans focused on rebuilding the country, implementing
land reform, and ending a longstanding feudal system.
South Koreans felt alienated as the new government structured resembled that of
the same colonial subjugation as before. Syngman Rhee became an authoritarian
leader in South Korea, supported by the US although not entirely liked by Truman. Concepts
Soviet troops entered north-eastern Korea in August, 12, 1945.
NSC 68
Civil war felt imminent as South Korea became recognized by the United Nations
after supervised elections and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was A secret document produced
formed in 1948 under the leadership of Kim Il-Sung in North Korea. by the American National
Security Council in 1950. It
North Korea wished to unify Korea yet they needed Soviet assistance as they were
stated that the US needed to
not strong enough. Kim convinced Stalin and Mao that the US would not act if the
maintain substantial armed
North Koreans invaded, thus they provided him with the assistance needed.
forces to prevent Soviet
Rhee had similar aspirations but it needed US assistance. US policy, however, was expansion.
ambivalent wishing to help and stabilize South Korea but fearing aggressive actions
Pacific Perimeter Speech
by Rhee.
Given in 1950, it explained
In April 1949, the US issued NSC 68, which argued for a large stockpile of weapons
that the US defence
and expansion of convetional forces. However, in January 1950, the Secretary of
perimeter in Asia included
State Dean Acheson gave the Pacific Perimeter Speech which excluded South
the Aleutian Islands in
Korea from the American sphere of influence in Asia.
Alaska, the Philippines,
In June 25, 1950, North Korean forces invaded the south. By the 27 Seoul was taken. Japan and Okinawa.
Significance & Importance
The Korean War was the first proxy war and the first major war of the Cold War.
The decision made by both nuclear powers to keep the war limited signified that
they would not engage directly in any official or legal capacity.
The UN leadership ensured US commitment to the action, specifically, police action.
Agreements
Korean Armistice Agreement
Effect, Consequences & Impact Signed in July 27, 1953, by the
The North Korean invasion resulted in the intervention by the UN with 15 countries US representing the United
agreeing to send troops to defend South Korea. Nations Command, and North
The new American president, Dwight D. Eisenhower kept troops in South Korea and Korea representing its own
expanded Acheson’s defence perimeter. forces and the Chinese
The US questioned but ultimately stood by its policy of containment. People’s Volunteer Army.
The Korean War convinced the Americans that the communist world was working in
concert towards global domination and took actions to prevent it.
Rearmament and future NATO membership of West Germany became imminent.
The US intensified its espionage networks in eastern Europe, developing the CIA
into an agency of covert operations.
Communist unity proved to be a priority for the Soviets and Chinese who felt the
need for a united front to the non-communist world.
Stalin’s death heightened the tension between the two communist powers and in
less than a decade they would split.
The Korean War demonstrated the weakness of the UN as North Korea refused to
allow UN supervisors to oversee elections for a United Korea, highlighting that the
idea of an international organization that could supervise was impossible. Moreover,
either superpower could veto resolutions that went against their national interests.
Norh Korea remained impoverished and underdeveloped, whereas South Korea
became a thriving economic success. Both divided and hostile towards one another.
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