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PYC 4808Assignment 2
Unique Number: 738009
, MODERNISM WHAT IS REAL AND POST MODERNISM:
HOW DO I KNOW??Relativists
Realist/Naturalist Exploring Knowledge Systems
There is only one absolute
(universal) truth. An African Perspective Social constructivism- Reality is subjective and
socially constructed (Bevcar &Bevcar, 2014)
Truth can be found by measuring of
observable facts using the scientific
Decolonisation of Psychology and
No absolute truth: various truths are possible (truth
method. Indigenous Knowledge Systems is context specific)
Linear causality: A causes Paradigm shift needed from
/influences B, A& B are recursive. Objectivity is impossible (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014)
Eurocentric to Africentric, through
a process of decolonisation and the Culture is relative and fluid in nature. ( Donald,
A B C
use of a second order cybernetic Lazarus and Moola, 2014)
Reality is objective, and it occurs approach.
outside of the client’s mind. Africentric Paradigm refers to the Causality is circular. (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) A
Eurocentric Paradigm aligns with research methods and practice causes/influences B, B influences/ causes A
the modernist approach as it is applied in the African context
(Nwoye, 2015)
First Order In African ideology, psychopathology can be traced to the
spiritual world, and often contain hidden meanings. This is
lacking in the Bio-Psycho- Socio Model propagated by the
Cybernetics
Eurocentric Approach, therefore Africans can’t be approached
from a works
Eurocentric view in psychotherapy
Second Order
Therapist is seen as the expert “What is truth”, therefore treatment/ therapy is
(Bevcar& Bevcar, 2014) highly contextual, taking into account culture and Cybernetics
background. Hence, the Africentric paradigm is aligned to the
He/she observes from outside the
second order universe,
cybernetics and postmodernism. Therapy is a collaborative process and therapist
system. (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) “The African unlike the Aristotelian universe
participates directly in the system
is an interpreted universe” (Nwoye, 2017), this “Universe”
Therapist makes a “diagnosis” by is interpreted through song, myth, legend, poetry and Therapist’s reality and context forms part of the
observing behaviour.
community spirit “ A person is a person because of observed system (Bevcar& Bevcar, 2014)
Culture is seen as unchanging and others” ; hence the client needs to be approached from this
“holistic” perspective. “Therapist is not a diagnostician”, helps client co-
occurring in a fixed form (Donald,
construct a story. (Bevcar &Bevcar, 2014)
2014)
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