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Mitocôndria ATENÇÃO

I E IIPARTE
MITOCONDRIA
ENERGIA CELULAR


Orgânulo citoplasmático de las células eucariotas
de forma ovoidal, formado por una doble
membrana que tiene como principal función la
producción de energía mediante el consumo de
oxigeno y la producción de dióxido de carbono y
agua como productos de la respiración celular.


FUNÇÕES
 Produção de atp
 Morte celular por opo ptose
 Produção de calor (temp. corporal)
 DNA mitocondrial LA ENERGIA ES TOMADA DE LOS
 RESP. CELULAR ALIMENTOS:
La célula posee enzimas que degradan los alimentos
ATP: LA MONEDA UNIVERSAL DE en forma gradual; y así logra un mejor rendimiento
ENERGÍA EN LOS SISTEMAS energético.
BIOLÓGICOS
FORMADA POR:
- Una base nitrogenada (adenina)
- Una pentosa (ribosa)
- Grupo fosfato (tres radicales fosfato con enlaces
de alta energía)


EL ATP PROVEE ENERGIA A LA
CELULA:




LA ENERGIA DE LAS MOLECULAS
ALIMENTICIAS ES EXTRAIDA
MEDIANTE OXIDACIONES:
- Una molécula se oxida al ganar O2 o al
perder H2.
- Al procesar los alimentos en algunas reacciones
redox intervienen NAD+ (Nicotinamida adenina


1

, dinucleotido) y FAD+ (flavina adenina
dinucleotido)

PROCESO ENERGETICO EN ANIMALES:




LA ESCISIÓN ENZIMÁTICA DE LOS ECUACION NETA DE LA GLUCOLISIS
ALIMENTOS TIENE LUGAR EN: Glucosa + 2 ADP +2 Pi + 2 NAD+
- tubo digestivo (extracelular)
- Citosol (glucolisis)
- Mitocondrias



2 piruvato + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O

- NADH: nicotinamida adenina dinucleotido reducido
- Coenzima reducida que transfiere electrones a la
cadena respiratoria via INDIRECTA para generar ATP1
- NADH= 3 ATP (o 2 ATP) depende del tipo de
LANZADERA
(LANZADERA glicerol fosfato y lanzadera malato-
aspartato)




LA GLUCOLISIS OCURRE EN EL
CITOSOL
Via de embden- mayerhoff
Serie de 10 reacciones que extraen energía de la
glucosa al romperla en dos moléculas de tres
carbonos: PIRUVATO




SE PRODUCEN NAS MITOCONDRIAS


 Descarboxilación oxidativa
 Ciclo de Krebs
 Fosforilación oxidativa
2
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