Test Bank for Psychology Frontiers And Applications 7th CANADIAN Edition Passer / All Chapters 1 - 17 / Full Complete 2023 - 2024
Complete Test Bank Psychology Frontiers And Applications 7th CANADIAN Edition Passer Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-17)
TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGY: FRONTIERS AND APPLICATIONS 7TH CANADIAN EDITION MICHAEL W. PASSER RONALD E. SMITH MICHAEL ATKINSON JOHN MITCHELL ISBN-10: 1260065782 ISBN-13: 9781260065787
All for this textbook (22)
Written for
University of Western Ontario (UWO
)
Media
PSYCH1000: Intro to Psychology (PSYCH1000)
All documents for this subject (15)
Seller
Follow
dlbrenn
Content preview
PSYCH1000: CHAPTER 9: LANGUAGE & THINKING
Language
• All human languages share underlying features
• Organization: symbolic & structured (hierarchical)
• Semanticity: conveys meaning
• Generativity: finite # words/rules can produce infinite # of sentences
• Displacement: can convey info about other times/places, abstract ideas
• Adaptive functions of language
• Facilitates cooperative social systems
• Allows transmission of info between people & generations
• Transformational grammar: rules of language transform ideas (deep) to a sequence of
symbols that can express them (surface)
• Surface structure: how symbols are combined (sequence of words)
• This structure is objective and unique
• Deep structure: actual meaning of the symbols
• If the surface structure is not appropriate, there could be more than one deep structure
• Understanding/producing language involves top-down and bottom-up processing
• Language influences what people think / how effectively they think in certain contexts
Organization & Structure of Language
• Language elements are organized hierarchically
• Phoneme —> morpheme —> word —> phrase —> sentence
• Phonemes: basic units (english has 45 but each language is different)
• Morphemes: units that transform meaning/form of words
• Words: compound of morphemes (student vocab = 150,000 of approx. 300,000 total)
• You actually only use about 850 words in regular everyday life
• Negative correlation between long words and frequency of use
• Vocabulary expansion = encoding + processing info in more sophisticated ways
• Discourse involves higher-level combinations of sentences
• Syntax: arranging elements in a meaningful way (how we string words together), grammar
• We use syntax to make sense of sentences (even if the meaning is nonsensical)
• Sentences can become ambiguous if the syntax can be broken down in multiple ways
• The developed ability to recognize ambiguity helps us appreciate humour
• Kids progress from phonological & lexical —> syntactic & semantic
• Ambiguity
• Phonological ambiguity: confusion of sounds
• Lexical ambiguity: confusion/double meaning of words
• Syntactic ambiguity: confusion in structure
• Semantic ambiguity: confusion in meaning
Language Learning
• Scientists believe humans have an innate capacity to acquire language
• Language development relies on innate mechanisms that allow language learning/production
• Child must also be exposed to an appropriate linguistic environment
• During a sensitive period between early childhood & puberty
• Second language = easiest to master when learned in sensitive period
• Bilingual children tend to perform better than monolingual on a variety of cognitive tasks
• 2 languages learned to high proficiency —> languages share common neural network
• The trick of language acquisition is creativity rather than learning the structures
• It’s almost like we have an innate capacity to understand language syntax/structure
• What happens in language acquisition?
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller dlbrenn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.