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Samenvatting fysiologie (cel2)
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samenvatting cursus acco en lesslides prof. Leybaert
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By: axelledinneweth0309 • 2 year ago
By: hanjademaeyer • 2 year ago
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Cel II : fysiologie,hoofdstuk 1 : inleiding ................................................................................................................... 5
1. lichaamscompartimenten ................................................................................................................ 5
2. vochtcompartimenten...................................................................................................................... 5
Hoofdstuk 2 : verschillende transportmechanismen (ALGEMEEN) ......................................... 7
1. Passieve transportmechanismen (spontaan) ................................................................................ 7
➢ Diffusie .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
➢ Osmose ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
➢ Filtratie ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
➢ Convectie .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2. Toepassing filtratie en osmose ....................................................................................................... 8
3. Actieve transportmechanismen ...................................................................................................... 9
Hoofdstuk 3 : passieve diffusie, chemische en elektrische krachten ..................................... 10
1. Ongeladen deeltjes : chemische krachten ................................................................................... 10
➢ Diffusie in vrije oplossing ................................................................................................................................. 10
➢ Diffusie over celmembraan ............................................................................................................................. 10
2. Diffusie van elektrolieten over de celmembraan ......................................................................... 11
➢ Nettoflux .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
➢ Permeabiliteits constante ................................................................................................................................ 12
➢ Kenmerken permeatie van ionen doorheen kanalen ...................................................................................... 12
➢ Elektrochemisch evenwicht bij selectieve permeabiliteit voor 1 soort ionen................................................... 13
Hoofdstuk 4 : carriergemedieerde of gefaciliteerde diffusie .................................................... 14
1. Algemeen........................................................................................................................................ 14
2. Voorbeeld : D-glucose transport over celmembraan .................................................................. 14
3. Kinetiek ........................................................................................................................................... 15
4. Kenmerken ..................................................................................................................................... 16
5. Ionoforen ........................................................................................................................................ 16
Hoofdstuk 5 : actief transport ..................................................................................................... 16
1. Primair actief transport ..................................................................................................................... 16
P-type ATPasen..................................................................................................................................... 17
➢ Na+/K+ - ATPase .............................................................................................................................................. 17
➢ Ca+2 - ATPase ................................................................................................................................................. 18
➢ K+/ H+ - ATPase ............................................................................................................................................... 18
V-type en F-type ATPase ...................................................................................................................... 19
Superfamilie ABC – eiwitten................................................................................................................. 19
Algemene kenmerken ........................................................................................................................... 21
2. Secundair actief transport ............................................................................................................... 21
Na+ - glucose - cotransport ................................................................................................................... 21
Na+/Ca+2 uitwisselingstransport ........................................................................................................... 22
Na+/K+/2Cl- - cotransporter.................................................................................................................... 22
Na+/H+ - uitwisselingstransport ............................................................................................................ 22
2
, Cl-/ HCO-3 – uitwisselingstransport ...................................................................................................... 23
Hoofdstuk 6 : ontstaan van de rustmembraanpotentiaal (RMP) .............................................. 24
1. Beschrijving ................................................................................................................................... 24
2. Goldman-vergelijking .................................................................................................................... 25
3. Aandeel van de Na+/K+ pomp in de RMP ...................................................................................... 25
4. Concentratieverschillen van kationen en anionen geassocieerd aan RMP ............................... 25
5. Medische link : letaal KCl- infuus ipv glucose infuus ................................................................. 26
Hoofdstuk 7 : waterpermeabiliteit, toniciteit, osmose en celvolume$ .................................... 26
1. Waterpermeabiliteit ........................................................................................................................ 26
2. Toniciteit van oplossingen ............................................................................................................ 26
3. Donnan-evenwicht, behoud van celvolume en de rol van Na+/K+ pomp .................................... 27
4. Celullaire volume regulatie............................................................................................................ 28
Hoofdstuk 8 : membraanstromen, belang van drijfkrachten en conductanties ..................... 29
Hoofdstuk 9 : capaciteit van de celmembraan .......................................................................... 30
1. Capaciteit........................................................................................................................................ 30
2. Capacitieve stroom ........................................................................................................................ 30
3. Celmembraan als RC-netwerk....................................................................................................... 30
4. Elektrisch equivalentieschema van de plasmamebraan voor cel in rust ................................... 31
Hoofdstuk 10 : kabeleigenschappen van celmembraan ........................................................... 32
Hoofdstuk 11 : actieve eig van elektrisch prikkelbare cellen = actiepotentiaal ...................... 33
1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 33
2. Ontstaan actiepotentiaal ............................................................................................................... 34
3. Overzicht Na+ en K+ kanaalwijzigingen tijden neuronale actiepotentiaal ................................... 35
4. Elektrisch equivalentschema van elektrisch prikkelbaar membraan ......................................... 36
Hoofdstuk 12 : ionenkanalen ...................................................................................................... 37
1. De patch clamp techniek ............................................................................................................... 37
2. Karakteristieken van ionenkanalen .............................................................................................. 38
3. Verband tussen single-channelactiviteit en macroscopische stroom ....................................... 38
4. Spanningsgevoelige ionenkanalen............................................................................................... 39
➢ Spanningssensor en spanningsgevoelige ionenkanalen ................................................................................ 39
➢ Soorten kanalen .............................................................................................................................................. 39
➢ Spanningsgevoelige Na+ - kanalen ................................................................................................................. 39
➢ Spanningsgevoelige Ca+ - kanalen ................................................................................................................. 40
5. Ligand gevoelige ionenkanalen .................................................................................................... 41
➢ Directe koppeling tussen receptor en ionenkanaal ......................................................................................... 41
➢ Indirecte koppeling receptor- en ionenkanaal : G-eiwit-gekoppelde receptoren ............................................ 42
➢ Mechanosensitieve ionenkanalen ................................................................................................................... 43
Hoofdstuk 13 : eigenschappen van actiepotentiaal .................................................................. 43
1. Algemene eigenschappen ............................................................................................................. 43
3
, ➢ Alles of niets .................................................................................................................................................... 43
➢ Drempelwaarde ............................................................................................................................................... 43
➢ Voortgeleiding ................................................................................................................................................. 44
➢ Refractaire periode .......................................................................................................................................... 44
➢ Accommodatie................................................................................................................................................. 45
2. Actiepotentiaal bij verschillende celtypes ................................................................................... 45
Hoofdstuk 14 : voortgeleiding van actie potentialen ................................................................ 46
1. Actiepotentiaal in de plaatsdimensie ........................................................................................... 46
2. Lokale stromen .............................................................................................................................. 47
3. Voortgeleiding in multicellulaire weefsels ................................................................................... 47
4. Factoren die snelheid van propagatie beïnvloeden..................................................................... 48
5. Saltatoire conductie in gemyeliniseerde axonen ......................................................................... 48
Hoofdstuk 15 : extracellulaire registraties ................................................................................. 49
Hoofdstuk 16 : synaptische signaaloverdracht t.h.v neuromusculaire junctie ...................... 50
1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 50
2. Neuromusculaire junctie ............................................................................................................... 50
3. Kenmerken van synaptische overdracht...................................................................................... 51
4. Vrijstelling van neurotransmitter .................................................................................................. 52
➢ Aanhechting en exocytose van de vesikels .................................................................................................... 52
➢ Overzicht van signaaloverdracht aan neuromusculaire junctie ...................................................................... 53
➢ Substanties die neuromusculaire overdracht beïnvloeden ............................................................................. 53
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