Unit 3 goes over subjects like Hydrocarbons, Organic Halides, Hydrocarbon Reactions, Alcohols and Ethers, Aldehydes and Ketones, Carboxylic Acids and Esters, Amines and Amides, along with Polymers
Organic Compounds
• Made of carbon, except CO2, CO and ionic compounds with carbon
• Covalently bonded molecules
◦Non-metal elements
Hydrocarbons
• Organic compounds made of carbon and hydrogen
• Non-polar molecules
◦Weak intermolecular forces (London Dispersion).
‣ Insoluble in water, low melting/boiling point.
• Strength of London dispersion forces increases with size
◦Bigger molecules = higher boiling point
• Can be solvents for other non-polar solutes.
• Less dense than water ( oat)
Alkanes
• Have only carbon-carbon single bonds
◦saturated hydrocarbons (max # of Hydrogen Atoms)
• General Formula
State SATP I 4carbons are gasses 5TCarbonsareLiquids
Name Formula StructuralIcondesenedformula
Methane a
CHL I
H H CHy
f
H H
Ethane
Gta ite d H cuz
II
H H
Propane
Hg H Ic H cH3cHzCH3
I
butane C4Hio it CHzCHzcHzcH3
AfgIa Ey
g
It
,Prefixes of carbon Atoms Present
1 Meth 6 hex
2 Eth 7 kept
3 prop g Oct
4 but 9 non
5 pent 10 dec
Alkene
Cn Han
• Have at least 1 carbon-carbon double bond
◦unsaturated hydrocarbon (Fewer H-atoms)
• General formula: (states similar to alkanes)
Name formula Structural Condensed formula
Ethene
G C CHz CHz
I H
H
H
I H
Propene C3H6 cH CHz
9 93 dI H cHz
H H
H H H
H
I l I
Butene C4H8 C c C H CHIH CHEHas
1 I 2
H I H N
H
H
H H
Cis 2 butene CyHg H CHzCH cHCH3
j c
H it H
H
A
H H
, H A
trans 2 butene cults
cHzk qCHz
Same molecular formula but different strictures
Isomers
different names
structures
structuralIsomers different
EX 1 butene 2 bitene
N N
GeometricIsomers different Position of atoms aroundthe
double bond
trans z butene
EX cis 2 butene H
EcHz CHz E g CAS
CHz H
A N
Alkynes
• Have at least 1 carbon carbon triple bond
◦Unsaturated hydrocarbon (fewer H-atoms)
• General Formula:
(states similar to alkanes) Cn Han Z
Examples
A C C H CHECH
ethyne Czaz
Propyne CzHu H CEC H CH
c CHEH
H
, H
butyneGH6 It C
a
CH H CHEK
L
44 H
H H
H H
2 butyne C
l
c C c d H
cHzc ccH3
n
H H
Cycloalkanes closed ring structure 0 Carbon Carbon
single bonds
general formula
CnHzn
H H
Examples
H d d H
CHz I
C c H
H
CHz CHZ H
1 H
Cyclopropane Cyclobutare
Cy Hg
the
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