This unit goes over the history of the atom, quantum numbers and electron configurations, trends in the periodic table, Lewis theory, VSEPR, Polar and Non-polar molecules, and intermolecular/intramolecular forces.
Democritish5thcentury BC
hmmm
Atom Greek atomon meaning Indivisible
Atoms have different sizes regulargeometric
shapes are in constantmotions
Edges determine properties Liquids have smooth
5 orfaces solids have toothed edges to hook
together
Empty space the void between Atoms
uAridtE 4e32I supported the 4 element
theory
Dalton
John ummm
Billiard Ball Model Solid atoms
All matter is composed of tiny Indivisible
particles called ATOMS
All Elements of an Aton are Identical
Atoms of two or more elements can
combine in constant ratios to form new Substances
Compounds Law of Constant composition
NaCl 1 1 ratio
some ATOMS have more than one bonding
capacity Law Of Multiple proportions
Copper 1 Oxide Cuz0 and copper Il
Oxide Cu 0
In chemical ruins atoms join or seperate
but are not created non destroyed Law of
, r e no d s ged La
Conservation of Mass
John Joseph Thomson
hmm
1856 1940
Discovered a particle one Thousanth the size
of Hydrogen at a G
charge e
raisin bun plum pudding model G charged
E Inside a Ct Charged sphere containing
Mostly empty space
_O
Ernest Rutherford 1871 1937
mm
shot Alpha particles through a thin Layer
of gold foil and analysed the resulting
deflection pattern
Atoms have a small CH charged core the
nucleus which is surrounded by mostly
empty space containing C charged e
coined the word proton for the smallest
unit of Lt charge in the nucleus
planetary model of Atom
JameSChadwickCl89l
l974
demontrated that the nucleus must contain
heavy particles
neutrons
, n s
The Rutherford Model
hmm of the Atom
Smallest unit of matter
Atoms of the same element share the same
properties
composed of 3 subatomic particles
protons pt positively charged relative
Mass of Ice found in the nucleus
neutrons no neutrally charged relative
mass of Ice found in nucleus
electrons E negative charge relative
Mass of a found in orbitals outside the
nucleus
Atomic Z of protons Cunique to each
element
Atomic Mass A Is the sum of the
of pt Atomic and neutrons
The nucleus is the small dense Ct
Charged core surrounded by mostly empty
space To electrons
Atoms are neutrally charged pt e
Example µ Nal Na 231 Sodium 23
Isotopes different atoms of the same
element same Z T diff of no1g
diff Atomic mass
Ions atoms that have gained or lost
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