Class notes
Hulp nodig?
- Course
- Institution
Een Nederlandstalige samenvatting van alle lessen met powerpoint erin verwerkt.
[Show more]
Seller
Followjulieschouteden
Content preview
2020-2021PSYCHOLOGY, LAW AND
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
JULIE SCHOUTEDEN
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. De wetenschappelijke methode (scientific method)........................................................ 2
1.2.1. In theorie .................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2. In praktijk ................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3. Experimental method ............................................................................................... 2
1.3. Mythes over Legal Psychology (juridische psyhologie) ................................................. 3
Hoofdstuk 2: Basic psychological insights relevant tot the criminal justice – basisinzichten uit
de psychologie die relevant zijn voor strafrecht ......................................................................... 5
2.1. Perception/Perceptie of waarneming ............................................................................... 5
2.1.1. Change Blindness ..................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2. Inattentional Blindness ............................................................................................. 5
2.1.3. Yerkes-Dodson curve ............................................................................................... 6
2.1.4. (other) Quantitative Limitations of our Perception .................................................. 7
2.1.5. Qualitative Limitations of our Perception ................................................................ 7
2.2. Memory/geheugen ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2.1. Stages of memory ..................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2. Forgetting ................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.3. Autobiographical memory...................................................................................... 10
2.2.4. Spreading activation theory .................................................................................... 12
2.2.5. Context-dependent theory ...................................................................................... 13
2.2.6. DRM Paradigm ...................................................................................................... 13
Hoofdstuk 3: Misinformation, false memories and nonbelieved memories – misinformatie,
valse herinneringen en nonbelieved memories ......................................................................... 14
3.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.2. Memory wars................................................................................................................. 15
3.3. False memory ................................................................................................................ 15
3.4. Spontaneously or suggestion-induced memories? ........................................................ 15
3.4.1. Spontaneously false memories ............................................................................... 16
3.4.2. Suggestion-induced false memories ....................................................................... 18
3.5. Implications for the Criminal justice ............................................................................. 20
Hoofdstuk 4: Eyewitnes testimony – getuigenis van ooggetuigen........................................... 22
4.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 22
4.2. Estimator Variables ....................................................................................................... 22
4.2.1. Own-Race bias ....................................................................................................... 22
, 4.2.2. Stress ...................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.3. Weapon Focus Effect ............................................................................................. 23
4.2.4. Exposure Duration.................................................................................................. 24
4.2.5. Disguise .................................................................................................................. 24
4.2.6. Retention interval ................................................................................................... 24
4.2.7. Intoxication............................................................................................................. 25
4.3. System Variables ........................................................................................................... 25
4.3.1. Identification of the suspects (recognition) ............................................................ 25
4.4. Postdiction Variables..................................................................................................... 28
Hoofdstuk 5: Interviewing and interrogation – interviewen en verhoren ................................ 29
5.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 29
5.2. Interviewing .................................................................................................................. 29
5.2.1. Witnesses and victims ............................................................................................ 29
5.2.2. Cognitive interview ................................................................................................ 29
5.3. Interrogating suspects .................................................................................................... 32
5.3.1. A Taxonomy of interrogation methods .................................................................. 32
5.3.2. The Reid Technique ............................................................................................... 33
5.3.3. The PEACE Technique .......................................................................................... 35
5.3.4. Military vs. Police interrogation............................................................................. 36
Hoofdstuk 6: False confession – vasle bekentenis ................................................................... 38
6.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 38
6.2. Confession in Criminal Law ......................................................................................... 38
6.2.1. Pre-interrogation interview .................................................................................... 38
6.2.2. Miranda warning waiver ........................................................................................ 39
6.2.3. Interrogation ........................................................................................................... 40
6.2.4. Confession .............................................................................................................. 40
6.2.5. Confession evidence in court ................................................................................. 44
Hoofdstuk 7: Crime-related amnesia – criminaliteitsgerelateerde amnesia ............................. 45
7.1. Just fiction? ................................................................................................................... 45
7.2. Amnesia for violent crime ............................................................................................. 45
7.2.1. Organic Amnesia .................................................................................................... 45
7.2.2. Dissociative Amnesia ............................................................................................. 46
7.2.3. Simulated or feigned Amnesia ............................................................................... 50
7.3. How to evaluate crime-related amnesia? ...................................................................... 51
Hoofdstuk 8: Deception detection – detectie van misleiding ................................................... 53
8.1. Inleiding ........................................................................................................................ 53
8.2. Lie detection .................................................................................................................. 53
, 8.2.1. Theoretical foundation of lie detection .................................................................. 53
8.2.2. A challenge for deception research ........................................................................ 54
8.3. Lie detection Methods ................................................................................................... 55
8.3.1. Non-verbal .............................................................................................................. 55
8.3.2. Verbal ..................................................................................................................... 56
8.3.3. Psychophysiological ............................................................................................... 58
Hoofdstuk 9: Experts, trials and cognitive bias – experten, rechtzaken en cognitieve bias ..... 61
9.1. The trial and its actors ................................................................................................... 61
9.2. Cognitive Bias ............................................................................................................... 64
9.2.1. Expected Frequency Bias ....................................................................................... 64
9.2.2. Confirmation Bias .................................................................................................. 64
9.2.3. Contextual Bias ...................................................................................................... 65
9.2.4. Blind Spot Bias....................................................................................................... 65
9.2.5. Allegiance Bias ...................................................................................................... 66
9.2.6. Diagnosis Momentum ............................................................................................ 66
9.3. Clinical vs. Forensic Role ............................................................................................. 66
9.4. Protect Experts against Bias .......................................................................................... 66
9.4.1. Blind Testing .......................................................................................................... 67
9.4.2. Comparison Method ............................................................................................... 67
9.4.3. Likelihood Ratio Format ........................................................................................ 67
9.4.4. Alternative Scenario ............................................................................................... 68
Hoofdstuk 10: Legal decision making – juridische besluitvorming ........................................ 69
10.1. Inleiding ...................................................................................................................... 69
10.2. (Legal) Rationalism vs. Realism ................................................................................. 69
10.3. Emotion and legal decision making ............................................................................ 69
10.4. Logical reasoning and legal decision making ............................................................. 70
10.5. Confirmation Bias to legal decision making ............................................................... 72
10.6. Extraneous factors in judicial decisions ...................................................................... 73
10.7. The Order Effect .......................................................................................................... 74
10.8. Context during sentencing ........................................................................................... 74
10.9. The Anchoring Effect in court .................................................................................... 75
10.10 Hindsight Bias in court ............................................................................................... 75
Hoofdstuk 11: Conclusie .......................................................................................................... 77
11.1. Overlopen van vorige lectures .................................................................................... 77
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller julieschouteden. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.98. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now