Summary
Summary European Knowledge block 2
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting over de Policy cycle van de EU en wat daarom heen draait.
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European Knowledge Summary block 2Week 1
It is decided in the treaties what the EU can and cannot do. This implies that the EU in
principle cannot breach this. There is a legal basis on WHO (the EU, national MS) can act,
WHEN (in which conditions) would they be competent to act and HOW within which
procedures (something we will come back to in block 1.3.).
Competences, the knowledge on how to act in a certain situation
- Exclusive competence (Article 3 TFEU), Only the EU can make or act in certain
areas, for example, trade agreements with other countries. Trade-agreement.
- Shared competence (Article 4 TFEU), The Member States can act only if the EU has
chosen not to.
- Supportive competence (Article 6 TFEU), The EU has the competence to support,
coordinate or supplement the actions of the Member States.
Principles
-Article 5 TEU
- Principle of conferral, the EU can only act/legislate where it was given the
competence by the MS.
- Principle of subsidiarity, EU performs only what cannot be achieved at national level.
- Principle of proportionality, The EU cannot exceed what is necessary to achieve the
objectives of the treaties. Not directly to the EU citizen.
-Direct effect; Individuals may invoke EU law in front of a national court.
-Supremacy, EU law is above any national law. National law must be set aside if in conflict
with EU law.
-Van Gend en Loos, against the dutch tax authority, they got import fines.
A company can directly invoke article 12, the treaty of Rome. The EU law says that
countries can’t implement any import terrors.
-Costa v. E.N.E.L., Costa, a lawyer, had shares in an Italian electricity company.
-Simmenthal SvpA v Amministrazione, Italian firm imported beef from France, and
due to the Italian law, they had to pay costs for inspection at the border.
-Factor Frame, Companies registered in the UK but owned by Spanish nationals. The
UK had a law that there was a nationality requirement so the UK owned a percentage
of the company. This was discrimination on nationality.
-Francovich and Bonifaci v Republic of Italy, Italy didn’t have a scheme to provide
minimum compensation for workers on the insolvency of their employers, as a result,
unemployed could not recover the wages due to them. The ECJ determined that the
state had to compensate for the loss. By this, the court introduced the principle that
citizens can sue their state for non-implementation of a directive.
Week 2
Policy, a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that have been agreed to
officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party
Public policy; Anything a government chooses to do or not to do.
Policymaking; the process of formulation of making policies.
, 1. Agenda setting (European Council/European Commission)
a. identify the problems that require government attention, deciding which issues
deserve the most attention and defining the nature of the problem.
2. Policy formulation (European Commission)
a. Identifying and estimating the effect of solutions
b. Making contracts
c. What goals need to be achieved? Will there be additional implications? What
will the costs be? How will key stakeholders react to these effects?
3. Policy adoption (European Parliament/Council of the European Union)
a. Evaluation of the policy, but not the success or impact evaluation
4. Policy implementation (National governments/European Commission)
a. Acting on the policies made ensuring that the organization has the resources
(such as staffing, money and legal authority) to do so, and making sure that
policy decisions are carried out as planned.
5. Evaluation (European Commission)
a. Seeing if it was a success
Week 3
Cooperation, an act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or
benefit; joint action./Sociology. activity shared for mutual benefit.
Because of the cooperating people feel close to their neighbour, but can cultures start to
differ or fade. Cooperation can also mean a growth in knowledge by sharing it, but a
challenge occurring in this exchange can be the multiple languages by each partner.
There are three strands of cooperation:
• Cross-border for areas separated by an EU border, Reduce the effect of borders as
administrative, legal and physical barriers, tackle common problems and exploit the
untapped potential.; 60 programmes( for instance; ERDF & IPA programs)
-185 million EU citizens, or 37% of the population, live in border areas.
-These are often peripheral, underdeveloped or marginalised areas.
-Repairing and (re)building cross-border roads, cycle paths or bridges/Investing in
cross-border waste systems/medical equipment/research centres/anti-flood measures
-Example programmes, South Baltic programmes
-The funding is granted on condition that organisations from both sides of the border,
such as regional authorities, universities and SMEs, come together to implement
projects based on the needs of the border region.
• Transnational, Aims to promote better integration across European regions; 15
programmes
-Involving national, regional and local authorities aims to promote better integration
across European regions.
-These programmes cover large areas such as the Baltic Sea Region, Alpine Space,
Mediterranean and South-East Europe.
-They focus on projects related to issues such as flood management, transport and
communication corridors, international business and research links and urban
development.
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