Summary on the history of the EU, relating to the industrial revolution, French Revolution, First and Second World War. Also about the creation and content of the EU institutions.
Certain events
● 2013 – Accession of Croatia
● 2007 – Accession of Bulgaria and Romania
● 2004 – Accession of ten countries; signing of the Constitutional Treaty
○ simplify the treaties, reaffirm the values of the EU, improve decision-making
processes in the EU.
○ 2005 – France and the Netherlands reject the Constitutional Treaty
● 2002 – The euro replaces twelve national currencies
● 2001/03 – Treaty of Nice
○ It streamlined the EU institutional system so it could efficiently work after the
joining of new member states in 2004
● 1995 – Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden
● 1989 – The fall of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe
● 1986/87 – Single European Act
○ It amended the EEC treaty and paved the way for completing the single
market
● 1986 – Accession of Portugal and Spain; flag adopted
● 1981 – Accession of Greece
● 1973 – Accession of Denmark, Ireland and the UK
● 1948 June Start of Berlin blockade
● 1947 August Independence of India and Pakistan
Algemeen
Marxism -Society in which there are no classes
Socialism -Justice and security for everybody
-Basic needs: food, shelter…
-Danger, dictatorship
Nationalism -One people = one country
-Humanity is divided into nationwide groups and differ from each other
-Unity & Community
-Danger, tension between countries
Capitalism -Self-interest
-Market is shaped by competition
-Government is not involved in economics
Mini timeline start WW2
1937 - IT leaves LON
1938 - GER enters Austria
1938 - Munich conference, czech territories given to GER
1938 - Secret GER/Russ molotov ribbentrop pact
1939 - Brit + Poland alliance
1939 - GER invaded Poland → start WW2
Who takes decisions?
-EU Parliament + Council of the European union → adopts the laws
, -EU Council → defines the general political direction
-EU Commision → new laws
Types of legislation
-Regulation → binding in all states directly, doesn’t have to become national of each state
-Directive → binds EU states/groups of states to achieve a particular objective. It’s up to the
MS how it’s gonna be taken
-Decision → binding 100% and addressed to; MS/groups of people/individuals..
Samenvatting
Week 2
Vertical society, middle ages
- 1 God + Pope → Church
- 2 Most of the population → Peasants
-Growing crops
-Working for the landlord unpaid in return for protection
In 1400 European civilization began to come apart by three disruptions:
-the Renaissance
-Protestant reformation (16th century)
-Scientific revolution
Renaissance
-Rebirth
-Rediscovering of the Ancient Greek and Roman world → the classical era
-Religion should not control all thoughts → humanists
-Improving yourself
-Philosophy, art, knowledge
-Secularisation, people didn’t want religion interfering with politics and religion shouldn’t
control people’s lives and thoughts.
Protestant reformation(16th century)
Core message: Christianity is not Roman. An example: Catholics: to do good works as part
of the salvation process (pilgrimage, give money to the poor…) VS Protestant: You only have
to believe in Christ to be saved. The key figure in this was Martin Luther(German monk
1483-1546).
This brought a 100-year war, including the thirty-year war(1618-1648), 30% perished, in
Germany and eighty-year war in the Netherlands. Ended with the Treaty of Westphalia.
Scientific revolution (17th century)
-Greeks were wrong → we’re not the centre of the universe
-With scientific reasoning we can do everything
-Newton
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