Ik ben elke les aanwezig geweest. Alle dia's zijn hierin verwerkt. Naast deze info heb ik staan mijn persoonlijke notities.
Alles is verwerkt in een samenvatting, zowel tekst als puntjes.
Diversiteit
Inhoudsopgave
Theorie ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Migratie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Wat is migratie? .............................................................................................................................................................................3
Verklaringen ....................................................................................................................................................................................3
Migratie naar België .....................................................................................................................................................................3
Diversiteit in de 21ste eeuw .......................................................................................................................................................5
Emancipatiebewegingen ............................................................................................................................................................5
Superdiversiteit..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Intersectionaliteit ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Glasswerff .........................................................................................................................................................................................7
Perspectieven op cultuur................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Visies op cultuur ............................................................................................................................................................................8
Sociaal kapitaal ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Religie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Begrip religie ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Levensbeschouwing en zingeving in Antwerpen .................................................................................................................. 12
Religie in de 20ste en 21ste eeuw ................................................................................................................................................... 12
Christelijke naties in de 20ste eeuw .................................................................................................................................... 12
Jaren 60 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Secularisering .............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Religie in de zorg ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Begin 21ste eeuw: de bom sloeg in ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Religieuze en seculiere levensvisies ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Hoefddoekendebat .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Identiteitsontwikkeling – James Marcia .................................................................................................................................. 13
Identity diffusion ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Identity moratorium ................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Identity foreclosure................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Identity achievement ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Religie en media ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Religie vs cultuur ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Religieuze modellen van samenlevingen ................................................................................................................................. 15
Religieuze model ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Atheïstische model .................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Religieuze neutrale model ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Pluriforme model ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Levensbeschouwelijke diversiteit en tolerantie vandaag ................................................................................................. 16
Spiritualiteit....................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Spiritualiteit vs gevoeligheid ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
, Gender & bestanddelen ................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Identiteit ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Geslacht/ sekse ........................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Expressie ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Aantrekking .................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Link gender intersectionaliteit .................................................................................................................................................... 20
Coming in/coming out .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Veiligheid en sociale acceptatie .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Tips voor PC......................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Kansarmoede .................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Wat is armoede? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 22
De impact van armoede.................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Armoede beïnvloed je denkvermogen .............................................................................................................................. 23
Armoede kent een binnen- en buitenkant ...................................................................................................................... 23
Armoede leidt tot … .................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Meten van armoede en enkele cijfers ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Hoe armoede doorbreken? ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Verklaringsmodel....................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Soorten beleid.............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Rol v.d hulpverlener ................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Meertaligheid .................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Wat is meertaligheid ....................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Meertaligheid in cijfers ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
Vormen van meertaligheid ............................................................................................................................................................ 29
Simultane meertaligheid ......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Successieve taalontwikkeling ............................................................................................................................................... 30
L1 ondersteunt L2: ijsbergmodel ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Meertaligheid, een troef? ............................................................................................................................................................... 31
Meertaligheid in de zorg ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
TOPOI ................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Theoretische basis ............................................................................................................................................................................ 33
Wat is communicatie? .............................................................................................................................................................. 33
Cultuur & communicatie ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
TOPOI model ................................................................................................................................................................................ 36
Kernvraag TOPOI ....................................................................................................................................................................... 38
TOPOI model ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Gebruik ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Verdieping theorie – specifiek.............................................................................................................................................. 38
Beperking ........................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Wat is een beperking? ..................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Waar kom ik dit tegen als PC? ..................................................................................................................................................... 44
Twee theorieën ter benadering ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Capability approach – Nussbaum ....................................................................................................................................... 45
Presentie-theorie – Baart ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
2
,Theorie
Migratie
• Na deze les ben je in staat om:
o Uit te leggen wat migratie is en hoe dit verklaard kan worden
o De migratiegeschiedenis naar België̈ toe te lichten
o Uit te leggen wat men verstaat onder ‘diversiteit in de 21ste eeuw’
o Alle besproken theoretische achtergronden toe te lichten en deze te
koppelen aan de praktijk van de psychologisch consulent
Wat is migratie?
• Heeft altijd bestaan/ Overlevingsstrategie
- Vrijwillig
- Semi vrijwillig
o Gebrek aan werk, toekomst
o Ontevredenheid met politieke situatie
o Eigen keuze
- Onvrijwillig
o Dreiging
o Niet veilig voelen in eigen land
• Migrant of vluchteling
o Migrant kan vrijwillig of semi vrijwillig zijn
o Vluchteling is altijd onvrijwillig
Verklaringen
• Niet één theorie voldoende
o Economisch
▪ Meer geld
▪ Knelpunt beroepen
o Historisch structureel
▪ DDD → Dangerous – Dirty – Dump jobs
o Migratie systeem
▪ Geschiedenis en hun gevolgen
• Meerdere factoren relevant
Alphons uit Congo gaat hoger onderwijs volgen in België. Dit valt te verklaren onder:
a. Historische structuurtheorie
b. Klassieke economische theorie
c. Migratie systeem theorie
d. Sociaal kapitaaltheorie
Migratie naar België
• Gastarbeiders
o Voor WO I
o Interbellum
o Na WO II: toename van andere nationaliteiten
o Jaren 60 met blijvende economische groei
▪ 1964: tewerkstellingsakkoord met Marokko en Turkije
o Oliecrisis in 1973
▪ Werving van arbeidsmigranten stopgezet door Belgische regering
3
, • Vervolg gastarbeiders
o Arbeidsmigranten vestigen zich in hun gastland
▪ 2 vormen van volgmigratie
» Gezinshereniging
» Gezinsvorming
o Arbeidsmigranten evolueren tot etnische minderheden
o Tijdelijkheidsgedachte
• Dekolonisering van Belgisch Congo
o Terugkerende Belgen
o Beperkte groep Congolezen/Rwandezen/Burundezen
• 1989 val Berlijnse muur
• Europese Unie en Verdrag van Schengen (1992)
o Vrije, interne Europese markt
o Toename van Europese migranten
• Globalisering
o Golfoorlog
o Joegoslavië
• 21 eeuw
e
o Nieuwe patronen
o Complexer & diverser
▪ Andere patronen
» 11% v.d bevolking heeft een niet-Belgisch paspoort
» 19% heeft migratie achtergrond
Vb. Minority-majority cities
o Vreemdeling vs immigrant
Acculturatie
• Berry: het perspectief v.d nieuwkomer
• Bouhris: het perspectief v.d mensen i.h land v aankomst
•
2 dimensies:
→ Behoud cultuur/identiteit
→ Contact met meerderheid
Beleid
• België (federaal vs regionaal)
• Tijdslijn
− Jaren 80
− Jaren 90
− Begin 21e eeuw
− Nu
• Invloed politiek
4
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