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Samenvatting SPP: READER + SLIDES + NOTES

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  • Course
  • SPP
  • Institution
  • Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)

Volledig uitgeschreven samenvatting van alle slides bijgewerkt met eigen notities en informatie van de reader. (Ook alle examenvragen vanuit de les zijn hierin toegevoegd)

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Document information

  • April 19, 2021
  • 115
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • spp
  • toegepaste psychologie
  • school en pedagogische psychologie

Written for

  • Thomas More Hogeschool (tmhs)
  • Toegepaste Pyschologie
  • SPP
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School- en pedagogische psychologie
Examen: meerkeuzevragen (65%) & open vragen (35%)


Inhoudsopgave
Leren en studeren............................................................................................................................................................... 1
Normale leerontwikkeling: lezen ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................................1
Ontwikkeling van geletterdheid .......................................................................................................................................1
Beginnende geletterdheid .........................................................................................................................................................1
Alfabetisch principe ...............................................................................................................................................................1
Fonologisch bewustzijn ........................................................................................................................................................2
Deelvaardigheden lezen .......................................................................................................................................................2
Decoderende leesroute .........................................................................................................................................................3
Vaardig lezen en spellen ............................................................................................................................................................3
Beïnvloedende factoren lezen .................................................................................................................................................3
Kindfactoren ..............................................................................................................................................................................3
School- en leerkrachtfactoren ...........................................................................................................................................4
Flexibele leerwegen .....................................................................................................................................................................5
Interne differentiatie (binnen klasdifferentiatie) .....................................................................................................5
Externe differentiatie ............................................................................................................................................................5
Praktijken voor specifieke doelgroepen .......................................................................................................................6
Conclusie .....................................................................................................................................................................................6
Normale leerontwikkeling: spelling ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................................6
Spellingsprincipes van het Nederlands ...............................................................................................................................6
Fonologisch principe .............................................................................................................................................................6
Morfologisch principe ...........................................................................................................................................................7
Etymologisch principe ..........................................................................................................................................................7
Syllabisch principe..................................................................................................................................................................7
Spellingscategorieën ....................................................................................................................................................................8
Kinderen met schrijfmotorische moeilijkheden .............................................................................................................8
Normale leerontwikkeling: rekenen ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................................................9
Voorbereidende of ontluikende gecijferdheid .................................................................................................................9
Basisvoorwaarden ..................................................................................................................................................................9
Aanleg rekenen ........................................................................................................................................................................9
Ontwikkeling getalbegrip ....................................................................................................................................................9
Voorbereidende rekenvaardigheden .......................................................................................................................... 10
Tellen ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Aanvankelijk rekenen .............................................................................................................................................................. 11
Begripsvorming, wiskundetaal en -kennis .............................................................................................................. 11
Specifieke rekenvaardigheden ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Didactiek ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Leerproblemen en leerstoornissen ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Inleiding leerstoornissen ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
Dyslexie .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Kenmerken .............................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Definitie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Criteria ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Prevalentie .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Comorbiditeit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17


A

, Dyscalculie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Kenmerken .............................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Definitie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Criteria ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Prevalentie .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Comorbiditeit ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Studiemotivatie.................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Studiemotivatie: doet het ertoe? ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Intake ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Strategie ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Onderzoek ............................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Advies: Motiveren kan je leren....................................................................................................................................... 29
Verstandelijke beperkingen .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Klinisch beeld............................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Criteria ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Criteria verstandelijke beperking: DSM 5 ................................................................................................................. 32
Criteria: prodia ...................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Comorbiditeit en differnetiaaldiagnostiek ..................................................................................................................... 33
Etiologie ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Classificatie ................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Licht verstandelijke beperking ...................................................................................................................................... 34
Matig verstandelijke beperking ..................................................................................................................................... 34
Ernstig verstandelijke beperking .................................................................................................................................. 34
Diep verstandelijke beperking ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Begeleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
AAMPR-model van ondersteuning (Buntinx, 2003) ............................................................................................. 35

Psychosociaal functioneren ......................................................................................................................................... 39
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) .................................................................................................................. 39
Signalen en kenmerken ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
Criteria van ADHD ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39
Criteria ADHD DSM5 ........................................................................................................................................................... 39
Presentaties ............................................................................................................................................................................ 40
Ernst ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 40
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Comorbiditeit en differentiaaldiagnostiek ..................................................................................................................... 41
Etiologie ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................................................. 43
Werkzame elementen ........................................................................................................................................................ 43
Psycho-educatie .................................................................................................................................................................... 43
Medicatie of psychosociale interventies? .................................................................................................................. 43
Medicatie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
Psychosociale interventies............................................................................................................................................... 44
ASS (autismespectrumstoornis) .................................................................................................................................................. 47
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Classificatie en terminologie ................................................................................................................................................. 47
Criteria DSM-5 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 47
Veranderingen van DSM-4 naar DSM 5 ...................................................................................................................... 48
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 48
ASS op 4 niveaus ......................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Gedragskenmerken van autisme (fenotype) ................................................................................................................. 49
Moeilijkheden met sociale interacties ........................................................................................................................ 49



B

, Moeilijkheden in de communicatie .............................................................................................................................. 49
Moeilijkheden in de verbeelding ................................................................................................................................... 50
Cognitieve aspecten van autisme ........................................................................................................................................ 50
Tekort aan Theory of Mind .............................................................................................................................................. 50
Tekort op vlak van Executieve Functies .................................................................................................................... 50
Gebrek aan Centrale Coherentie.................................................................................................................................... 51
Besluit........................................................................................................................................................................................ 51
Neurobiologische aspecten van autisme ......................................................................................................................... 51
Genetische aspecten van autisme (genotype) ............................................................................................................... 52
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Screening ................................................................................................................................................................................. 52
Diagnostisch protocol ........................................................................................................................................................ 53
Assessment ............................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Differentiaaldiagnostiek en comorbiditeit................................................................................................................ 54
Ondersteuning ............................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Werkzame factoren ............................................................................................................................................................. 54
Best onderzochte aanpakken .......................................................................................................................................... 57
Ondersteuning op school: ................................................................................................................................................. 58
Depressie en suïcide bij kinderen en jongeren ....................................................................................................................... 59
Verschijningsvorm .................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Definities en begrippen ........................................................................................................................................................... 60
Criteria DSM 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 61
Prevalentie en prognose ......................................................................................................................................................... 61
Comorbiditeit en differentiaaldiagnose ........................................................................................................................... 61
Etiologie ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Biologische factoren............................................................................................................................................................ 61
Psychologische factoren .................................................................................................................................................... 61
Transactionele factoren .................................................................................................................................................... 62
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Psycho-educatie .................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Ondersteuning ....................................................................................................................................................................... 64
Psychotherapie ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Medicatie .................................................................................................................................................................................. 65
Suïcide en suïcidepreventie ................................................................................................................................................... 66
Definities .................................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Cijfers ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Suïcidaal proces .................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Preventie: Detectie van suïcidaal gedrag................................................................................................................... 66
Faalangst.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 70
Begripsomschrijving ................................................................................................................................................................. 70
Signaalherkenning ..................................................................................................................................................................... 70
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Oorzaken ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 71
Verklaringsmodellen ................................................................................................................................................................ 71
Diagnostiek ................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 72
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Relatie tss kinderen en pesten ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 75
Concepten sociale relaties tussen kinderen ................................................................................................................... 75
Sociometrie: ............................................................................................................................................................................ 75
Sociale competentie of sociale vaardigheden (=SoVa):....................................................................................... 76
Kenmerken en begrippen pesten ........................................................................................................................................ 77
Wat is pesten? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 77
Wat is cyberpesten? ............................................................................................................................................................ 77
Onderscheid pesten-plagen-conflicten....................................................................................................................... 78
Pestrollen: ............................................................................................................................................................................... 78


C

, Vormen van pesten.............................................................................................................................................................. 79
Pestsignalen opvangen ...................................................................................................................................................... 79
Prevalentie (cyber)pesten in Vlaanderen: ...................................................................................................................... 80
Impact en gevolgen van pesten: .......................................................................................................................................... 81
Verklaringen: ............................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Verschillende theorieën .................................................................................................................................................... 81
Diagnostiek: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 85
Aanpak ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 86
Tips voor gesprekken over pesten: .................................................................................................................................... 90

Onderwijsloopbaanbegeleiding ................................................................................................................................. 91
Studie- en beroepskeuzeprocessen ............................................................................................................................................. 91
Psychologische gevolgen ........................................................................................................................................................ 91
Financiële gevolgen ................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Maatschappelijke gevolgen.................................................................................................................................................... 92
Wat is onderwijsloopbaanbegeleiding ............................................................................................................................. 92
Zorgcontinuüm of OLB ....................................................................................................................................................... 92
3 begeleidingsinhouden binnen OLB (CLB) ............................................................................................................. 92
Taakuitvoering door CLB inzake OLB ......................................................................................................................... 93
Diagnostiek ............................................................................................................................................................................. 93
Begeleiding.............................................................................................................................................................................. 93
Overgang SO – HO ...................................................................................................................................................................... 93
Hoe verloopt het keuzeproces voor het HO i.d praktijk? ................................................................................... 95
Implicaties voor keuzebegeleiding ............................................................................................................................... 96

Twee algemene kaders voor begeleiding in het SPP werkveld ...................................................................... 97
Het M-decreet en zorgcontinuüm in de leerlingenbegeleiding ....................................................................................... 97
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
M-decreet....................................................................................................................................................................................... 97
Zorgcontinuüm in de leerlingenbegeleiding .................................................................................................................. 98
Tussentijdse evaluatie M-decreet ....................................................................................................................................... 99
Ondersteuningsnetwerken ................................................................................................................................................. 100
De toekomst? Begeleidingsdecreet voor leerlingen met specifieke onderwijsbehoeften ...................... 101
Integrale jeugdzorg en gevolgen voor de leerlingenbegeleiding .................................................................................101
Inleiding ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 101
6 doelstellingen nieuwe decreet ...................................................................................................................................... 101
Schema integrale jeugdhulp ............................................................................................................................................... 102
Rechtstreeks toegankelijke jeugdhulp (RTJ) ........................................................................................................ 102
Jeugdhulp buiten toepassingsgebied IJH: ............................................................................................................... 102
Niet rechtstreeks toegankelijke jeugdhulp (NRTJ) ............................................................................................ 103
Intersectorale toegangspoort ...................................................................................................................................... 103
Gemandateerde voorziening ........................................................................................................................................ 104
Gerechtelijke jeugdhulp ................................................................................................................................................. 104
Gemeenschapsintellingen ............................................................................................................................................. 105
Crisisjeugdhulp .................................................................................................................................................................. 105
Clientoverleg ....................................................................................................................................................................... 105
Bemiddeling......................................................................................................................................................................... 105

Examenvragen ................................................................................................................................................................106




D

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