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Samenvatting lessen Psychologische basisvaardigheden
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Samenvatting lessen Psychologische basisvaardigheden.
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PSYCHOLOGISCHEBASISVAARDIGHEDEN
Melissa Amandels
AJ: 2020-2021
,Melissa Amandels
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Luisteren als basishouding............................................................................................................................. 6
Luisteren...............................................................................................................................................................7
Interne voorwaarden voor aandacht....................................................................................................................7
Hoe kan je je aandacht tot uiting brengen? Hoe kan je de andere laten voelen dat je aandachtig aan het
luisteren bent?.................................................................................................................................................8
Elementen van een goede luisterhouding............................................................................................................8
Nonverbale uitingen van aandacht......................................................................................................................8
Specifieke vaardigheden bij luisteren...................................................................................................................8
Het gebeuren en de affectieve kleur.....................................................................................................................9
Metafore registers en symbolen...........................................................................................................................9
Correcte versus foute metafore communicatie....................................................................................................9
Luisteren binnen een werkrelatie.......................................................................................................................10
Observeren: non-verbale aspecten van communicatie (les 5 oktober)..........................................................11
Participerend observeren....................................................................................................................................11
Twee pijlers....................................................................................................................................................12
Twee uitgangspunten van een observatiekader...........................................................................................12
Observatiekader (een systematische manier om te kijken naar observatiemateriaal): overzicht.....................13
Lichamelijke verschijning vertelt vaak al veel over de persoon zelf.............................................................13
Intellectueel functioneren en denkprocessen...............................................................................................13
Spraak en taal, en narratieve mogelijkheden/capaciteiten (kan de persoon zich uiten via de taal?)..........13
Algemene stemming (affectieve perspectief)...............................................................................................13
Specifieke affecten en angsten......................................................................................................................14
Relationele capaciteiten................................................................................................................................14
Gebruik van de ruimte...................................................................................................................................14
Spel en gesprek..............................................................................................................................................14
Verloop van een participerende observatie........................................................................................................15
1: Voorbereiding............................................................................................................................................15
2: Beginfase....................................................................................................................................................15
3: Middenfase................................................................................................................................................15
4: Eindfase......................................................................................................................................................16
Basisvaardigheden van luisteren in een gesprekssituatie client-hulpverlener (les 12 oktober).......................17
Gespreksmodel (Egan 1994)...............................................................................................................................17
Egan’s model- ontwikkelingsmodel....................................................................................................................18
Vertrouwensfiguur kenmerken.....................................................................................................................18
Dus iets doen “detectieve”............................................................................................................................19
“Docent”........................................................................................................................................................19
“Coach”..........................................................................................................................................................19
Fase 1 = probleemverheldering “Samen zicht op probleem”.............................................................................20
Het eerste begin: 1e gesprek.........................................................................................................................20
Interne voorwaarden: Aandacht...................................................................................................................21
Luisteren.............................................................................................................................................................22
1: Vragen stellen............................................................................................................................................22
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,Melissa Amandels
2: Parafraseren van de inhoud......................................................................................................................23
3: Reflecteren van gevoel..............................................................................................................................23
4: concretiseren.............................................................................................................................................24
5: Samenvatten (dit is een belangrijke vaardigheid).....................................................................................25
Verdiepende vaardigheden (college 19 oktober)..........................................................................................26
Verdiepende vaardigheden................................................................................................................................26
Voorbeeld scenario van verdiepende vaardigheden (T staat voor therapeut):.................................................26
Twee vormen van verdiepende vaardigheden...................................................................................................27
Reflectie van de onderliggende beleving (eerste vorm van verdiepende vaardigheden)............................27
Interpreteren (tweede vorm van nuancerende of verdiepende vaardigheden)..........................................29
Zelfonthulling.................................................................................................................................................30
Hier en nu......................................................................................................................................................30
Confronteren.................................................................................................................................................32
Directheid......................................................................................................................................................32
Empathie (college 26 oktober)..................................................................................................................... 35
Wat is het niet....................................................................................................................................................35
Omschrijvingen van empathie door Carl Rogers................................................................................................36
Eerste element (binnenkant):.............................................................................................................................36
Tweede element (buitenkant):...........................................................................................................................37
Empathische cyclus (Barret-Lennard, 1993).......................................................................................................37
Helpende en belemmerende aspecten voor empathie.......................................................................................38
Functies van empathie........................................................................................................................................40
Andere effectstudie, Wampold (2015):.........................................................................................................40
Functies van empathie volgens Watson........................................................................................................40
De interpersoonlijke functie..........................................................................................................................40
De deconstructieve functie............................................................................................................................41
De affect-regulerende functie.......................................................................................................................41
De versterkende functie................................................................................................................................41
De hulpverlener als persoon en het belang van reflectie (college 9 november).............................................42
De persoon van de hulpverlener Notie zelfbesef of zelfbewustzijn (Clara Hill, 2014, Ch4)................................42
Werken met mensen en relaties...................................................................................................................42
Keuzedomeinen -> thema’s waarmee je later in contact kan komen in het werkveld.......................................42
Factoren die een rol spelen in keuzes die je maakt............................................................................................43
Motivatie om dit werk te doen...........................................................................................................................43
Soorten motivaties..............................................................................................................................................43
Self- versus other-oriented............................................................................................................................44
Specifieke voldoening aan je werk................................................................................................................44
Specifieke kwetsbaarheden...........................................................................................................................44
Goed hulpverlenen en de kenmerken van de hulpverlener................................................................................45
Objectieve kenmerken...................................................................................................................................45
Subjectieve kenmerken.................................................................................................................................46
Ethische principes (Hall, 2014)......................................................................................................................48
Ethische thema’s voor beginnende hulpverleners........................................................................................48
Rode vlag topics (Brems, 2001).....................................................................................................................49
Een ethisch dilemma doorwerken.................................................................................................................49
Reflectie als basis van professioneel handelen...................................................................................................50
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, Melissa Amandels
Hulpverlening =..............................................................................................................................................51
Wat is reflecteren mbt hulpverlening?...............................................................................................................51
Definitie: Reflecteren.....................................................................................................................................51
Hulpverlener worden = een ‘observerend zelf’ ontwikkelen..............................................................................51
Reflectie op jezelf................................................................................................................................................51
Reflectie op de methode.....................................................................................................................................52
Reflectie: integratie van drie aspecten op drie momenten................................................................................52
Essentie van een lerende houding......................................................................................................................52
Leerproces: doorloopt 4 fasen............................................................................................................................53
Waarover gaan je vragen?.............................................................................................................................53
Supervisie als manier van leren waarbij de hulpverlener...................................................................................53
Definitie van supervisie..................................................................................................................................53
Basisvaardigheden voor interculturele begeleiding.......................................................................................54
Opbouw van de les.............................................................................................................................................54
Meer algemene aandachtspunten voor een cultuursensitieve ggz (geestelijke gezondheidszorg)...................54
Deskundigheid trainen...................................................................................................................................54
Medewerkers met een migratie-achtergrond in de ggz................................................................................54
Aangepast zorgaanbod..................................................................................................................................55
Cultuur van de ggz transformeren.................................................................................................................55
Cultuursensitieve vertaling van basisvaardigheden in hulpverlening................................................................56
Authentieke betrokkenheid...........................................................................................................................56
Professionaliteit.............................................................................................................................................57
Deskundigheid...............................................................................................................................................57
Eigen interculturele ontwikkeling..................................................................................................................57
Interculturele communicatie..............................................................................................................................57
Topoi; Taal.....................................................................................................................................................57
Topoi; Ordening.............................................................................................................................................58
Topoi; Personen.............................................................................................................................................58
Topoi; Organisatie..........................................................................................................................................58
Topoi; Inzet....................................................................................................................................................58
Gevorderde basisvaardigheden intercultureel...................................................................................................58
Tolken............................................................................................................................................................58
Specifieke migraties, specifieke kwetsbaarheden.........................................................................................58
Oorsprongsgehechtheid en integratiegerichtheid........................................................................................59
Enkele verdere aandachtspunten..................................................................................................................59
Uitklaren van een hulpvraag........................................................................................................................ 60
Hoe begint een hulpvraag en wat is een hulpvraag?.........................................................................................60
Hoe begint een hulpvraag?............................................................................................................................60
Verwachtingen worden gekleurd door:.........................................................................................................60
Een hulpvraag ‘uitklaren’ doe je in dialoog........................................................................................................62
De vraag achter de vraag...............................................................................................................................62
Van de feitelijke laag naar een gedeeld perspectief via de dialoog..............................................................63
Dialoogmodel: In dialoog een hulpvraag uitklaren.......................................................................................63
En dan? Na het hebben/krijgen van een goed beeld....................................................................................66
Motiverende gespreksvoering (college 30 november)...................................................................................68
Leerdoelen van de twee komende colleges........................................................................................................68
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