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BRICKS Biology 2thavo/vwo summary chapter 2
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summary of the circulatory system chapter 2 biology
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Biologie samenvattingen hoofdstuk 2 The circulatory systemYour body has a transport system called the circulatory system. It’s a system made up of the heart
and blood vessels, used to transport substances.
Section 1, a matter of the heart
How is the human heart organised?
Your heart is a double pump. The right side pumps blood to your lungs, and the left side pumps
oxygen-rich blood to all other organs in the body.
There are four chambers (areas) in your heart the two upper: left atrium and right atrium, the two
lower: left ventricle and right ventricle.
Study this figure
In what way is blood pumped through the human heart?
Blood flows in only one direction: atria (plural form of atrium) ventricles
lungs and other organs. There is a valve between each atrium and ventricle;
works like a door that opens in only one direction.
Valves:
o Tricuspid valve: between right atrium and right ventricle
o Biscupid valve: between left atrium and left ventricle
These valves control the blood flow into the ventricles
There are also valves between each ventricle and the blood vessel
conncected to it:
o Pulmonary valve: between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery
o Aortic valve: between the left ventricle and the aorta the valves inside the heart
Those valves stop the blood flow from flowing backwards into the heart
The left side of the heart contains oxygen-rich blood = shown in red. The right side of the heart
contains deoxygenated blood = shown in blue. A septum is a wall between the lef tand right, to keep
these two types of blood separated from each other if those types would mix, the cells wouldn’t
recieve the oxygen they need
ALWAYS REMEMBER: When you see a picture of the heart from the front, the left is the right and the
right is the left
, Section 2, what goes around comes around
Into which three sections can the circulatory system be subdivided?
The entire system is divided up into three smaller parts: the pulmonary circulation (the flow of blood
from the heart to the lungs and back), systemic circulartion (the flow of blood from the heart to all other
organs and back), and the coronary circulation (the flow of blood to and from the cardiac tissue)
How does blood flow through the circulatory system?
The pulmonary circulation connects the heart with the lungs
by means of blood vessels:
- Veins carry blood towards the heart
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Your blood takes up oxygem in the lungs, blood becomes
oxygenated. The blood then transports along your two
pulmonary veins towards the heart, where it enters the left
atrium => blood is ready to transport oxygen to your cells
when it’s delivered, your blood becomes deoxygenated. This
blood contains lots of waste made by your cells.
When the heart receives this blood, the rigth ventricle
pumps ita way to your longs along the two pulmonary
arteries. Now you can breathe the waste out, e.g. carbon
dioxide
Which parts of the circulatory system are oxygenated and which are deoxygenated?
Oxygenated blood is pumped away from the heart tot he cells through arteries. The main artery is
called the aorta which transports blood directly away from the heart. Aorta splits up into smaller
arteries.
Deoxygenated blood is transported from the cells towards the heart through the veins. The two main
veins are called superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava which transport blood directly from the
organs back into the heart. Those veins collect blood from smaller veins.
Look at picture in the book 2.2 C
Heart is made up of heart muscle, which consists of heart muscles. Those cells, need oxygen and
waste nutrients to survive, and produce waste substances that have to be removed. So your heart has
its own blood supply. The blood flow to and from the cardiac muscles is called the coronary circulation.
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