Prof.dr.ir. boudewijn van dongen
All classes
Subjects
lectures
oml
data preparation
petri nets
alpha algorithm
language based regions
2ami10
process mining
process discovery
conformance checking
process model qu
summary
tue
foundations of process mining
Written for
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (TUE)
Operations Management And Logistics
Foundations of Process Mining (2AMI10)
All documents for this subject (1)
Seller
Follow
jorisbongers
Content preview
2AMI10
FOUNDATIONS OF PROCESS MINING
SUMMARY OF LECTURES
CONTENTS
Part 0: Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Part 1: Data preparation ................................................................................................................................... 3
Part 2: Modeling Petri nets ............................................................................................................................... 3
Part 3: Petri net properties ............................................................................................................................... 6
Part 4: Process discovery .................................................................................................................................. 9
Part 5: Language based regions ...................................................................................................................... 13
Part 6: Conformance checking ........................................................................................................................ 16
Part 7: Process Model Quality ......................................................................................................................... 17
,PART 0: INTRODUCTION
Foundations of process mining
Three elements of processes:
- The process: this is how we can do things, but we do not; interpreting process mining results in the
context of a larger, overarching reality (where people are not point-masses in a vacuum)
- The data: inexplicable graphs and process reports; pre-processing data for process mining
- The model: why are our rules so complex; formal modelling of processes (using Petri nets); discovery
of process models
In the middle: ‘happy flow’; we think this is how we work – this is how it works in an ideal world, where all
people, animals, and other objects are point-masses in a vacuum
- Process and data meet: if we cannot do thinks the way we should, we do them the way we can.
- Process and model meet: this is how we should do things, but we do not.
- Model and data meet: exceptions prove the rules
Process mining: to gain insights into processes through systematic analysis and interpretation of data. Does exist
of: Process discovery; Conformance checking; Enhancement
- Process models describe how the information is received and how the system should react; so they
analyze the world and specify configurations of the software system.
- Process discovery: using event data discover how the process of the software is behaving
- Conformance: check whether the users of the system do the same as the software system describes
Process mining activities
2|P a g e
, PART 1: DATA PREPARATION
Data preparation: the first step in any data-science activity is to prepare the data.
Basic event data: case ID, activity name, timestamp, resource, other data (e.g., product, quantity)
Dotted chart: a powerful tool; data can be explored and hypothesis can be formed (always verify hypothesis
with the process owner)
- Each dot in the dotted chart represent one event
- Provides a helicopter view of all events
- Using filtering in combination with the dotted chart, views on the data are created (i.e., using visual
analytics, patterns are sought in the data)
- Exporting the view to a new event log allows for further analysis on the filtered event log
- Data understanding using a dotted chart:
o (1) Collect initial data
o (2) Describe the data
o (3) Explore the data
o (4) Verify the quality
- X-axis, Y-axis, colors and shapes are all based on one single (different) attribute
- Intensity of events shown below
- Gaps in the chart could indicate (zoom in to have a better view)
o Resources that are unavailable
o Single point of failure scenario’s
o Apparently nothing could happen for a while in a company
- If there is a straight line from the top left to the right bottom, this suggests that the rate of events (of a
particular color) is rather constant
o However this line might also be waving (than it might be assumed that the speed at which
cases are arriving is varying)
o If there is an increasing negative slope, it suggest that the arrival rate is increasing
- If there is a vertical line, the dotted chart indicate batch processing
- Important notes about dotted charts from lectures
o Take settings for time into account (actual/absolute time versus relative time)
o Each line might be a particular case
o Each line might be a activity (color depending on activity, or color depending on resource)
o Each line might be a resource (color might be an activity)
PART 2: MODELING PETRI NETS
Process modeling
- Models provide an abstraction of reality such that this reality can be analyzed or reasoned about in a
consistent way
- Any time two or more activities are performed in the context of a case, fundamental principles of
processes apply (e.g., Petri net theory)
o Activities in processes are related; they have a logical order in which they are executed
o Cases are the ‘objects’ in a process that change over time
- Many systems can be modelled the same way
- System models versus Process models
3|P a g e
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jorisbongers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.01. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.