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Summary 2.8 Problem 4
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Summary of 7 pages for the course Organisational Psychology at EUR (2.8 problem 4)
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Problem 4LGs:
1. How do you promote creativity in the workplace? (Focus on organization)
2. How is mindfulness related to job performance and creativity in the workplace?
3. How can leadership inspire employees’ creativity?
Baas – specific mindfulness skills differentially predict creative performance
Intro
- 2 competing predictions regarding the relation between mindfulness and creativity
o 1: prior research shows that mindfulness improves positive affect and basic
cognitive functioning, so we should expect a uniform and positive relationship
between mindfulness and creativity
o 2: mindfulness is multifaceted and has many separate components, so we
should expect a differential relation between mindfulness and creativity with
the nature of the relation being contingent
- this article’s aim: discover which argument is supported by empirical evidence
Mindfulness:
- non-judgmental, sustained and alert awareness of experiences in the present
moment
- mindfulness skills are not static and can be developed through regular meditation
practice
- types of meditations:
o focused-attention meditation: voluntarily focusing and sustaining attention on
a chosen subject (targets AWA)
o open-monitoring meditation: non-judgmental monitoring of experiences
(targets Observation)
- mindfulness results in a distinct set of skills:
o Observation: ability to carefully observe, notice or attend to internal or
external stuff
o Act with awareness (AWA): fully engage in activities with undivided attention
o Description: verbally describe observed phenomena in a non-evaluative way
o Accept without judgement (AWJ): accept or be non-evaluative about present
moments
these different dimensions are captured by KIMS
Hypothesis 1 uniform hypothesis:
- uniform hypothesis says that all dimensions of mindfulness relate positively with
creativity
- mindfulness is associated with the ability to switch perspectives, enhanced working
memory capacity, positive affect, and authentic behavior and reduced fear of being
judged by others all of these relate positively with creativity
Hypothesis 2 differential hypothesis:
- differentiation between Observation and AWA suggests Observation is more related
to creativity
1
, - Observation is also associated with increased cognitive flexibility, greater ease to
apply alternative approaches to complex problems and inhibition of automatic
responding
- AWA which involves restrictive attention focus may be detrimental for creative idea
generation
- there are mixed results, so specific mindfulness skills may differentially relate to
creativity
- they expect no or a negative relation for AWA and a positive relation for Observation
Study 1:
- examined the association between mindfulness skill AWA and creative ideation
- further measured big five and intelligence to examine whether correlations between
AWA and creativity could be attributed to other variables
- Procedure and creativity task, AWA, intelligence, big five and creative ideation were
measured
- Results:
o AWA was associated with decreased originality, infrequency of ideas and
fluency
o AWA was associated negatively with neuroticism and positive with
conscientiousness
o provides support for hypothesis 2
Study 2:
- linked creativity indicator to the different dimensions of mindfulness (observation,
description, and accept without judgement AWJ)
- creativity was measured using self-report creative behavior and achievements
- mindfulness, intelligence, cognitive flexibility, creative achievements and behaviors
and creative ideation were measured
- results:
o cognitive flexibility was positively related to the creativity scores
o observation skill was associated with increased creativity
o of the 4 skills, Observation was the only reliable predictor of creative
achievements, creative behavior and originality
o cognitive flexibility is the mediator between Observation and creativity
o Description and AWJ were not associated with creativity
o results support differential hypothesis
Study 3
- aims to find causal evidence for mindfulness-creativity link using a longitudinal design
- participants completed an 8-week mindfulness course focused at enhancing
Observation
- Results:
o support for differential hypothesis
o Mindfulness skills increased in mindfulness condition and not in control
condition (practicing does actually help)
o Creative behavior increased in mindfulness condition and not in control group
o AWA and AWJ were not associated with creative behavior
2
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